New Directions in Digital Jazz Studies: Music Information Retrieval and AI Support for Jazz Scholarship in Digital Archives

音乐研究已经发展出了广泛的方法，其中系统音乐学、民族音乐学或音乐心理学已经发展为“面向数据的实证研究”，这得益于计算方法。特别是在民族音乐学中，最近人们对计算音乐学及其在音频数据收集中的应用越来越感兴趣。同样，对西方音乐演奏的实证研究，如时间、力度和音色及其与音乐结构的关系，也有着悠久的传统。然而，尽管最近取得了进展，但由于技术和法律的限制，这种类型的音乐研究到目前为止大多局限于相对较小的数据集。音乐学和音乐史作为一门人文学科，迄今为止从计算和dda方法中受益有限，因为a）算法和技术需要太多的技术专长，B）研究对象（录音、乐谱、手稿和其他人工制品），虽然通常以数字化形式提供，但无法通过相关工具访问，例如分析算法、基于内容和上下文的智能搜索，和用户友好的系统和界面。本项目将改变这种局限性，并通过开发基于现有算法（由项目合作伙伴在以前的研究中开发）的新方法和工具，并将这些工具应用于爵士乐研究，探索爵士乐研究的新方向。将使档案中的数字材料更容易获取，并在不同档案之间建立联系，将用最先进的算法分析录音，并将其与关联数据结合起来，将使利用数字化工具进行的研究能够共享。通过结合这些要素，可以开发新的方法，并获得新的见解。我们将收集参与档案和爵士乐研究社区的要求，以确保我们的工作符合实际应用于爵士乐的数字人文的需求和兴趣。根据要求，我们将策划数据集，确保数据和元数据的质量，然后对数据集进行预处理，从音频记录中提取符号信息。基于现有的算法和工具，我们将开发系统和界面，使音乐有意义的搜索，分析和发现，超越标准目录搜索。我们有几个著名的爵士乐学者在该项目中，谁将使用我们开发的数据集和工具，以开发人文研究的档案馆中不太知名的录音的“长尾”的案例研究。这些案例研究将为爵士乐研究开辟新的方向，即在本项目开发的工具的帮助下，将联合收割机数据驱动的“远距离阅读”与人类在“近距离阅读”方面的专业知识相结合。在这项工作中解决的音乐问题将包括个人风格如何与其他特定的球员以及在美国主流爵士乐的一般趋势。它还将包括对当地爵士乐传统的研究，特别是在苏格兰，以及对两个档案馆的比较研究，并举例说明连接不同大陆数字档案馆的工具和方法。这些分析的结果将以高度互动的“丰富的研究工作流程”（RRW）的形式提供。丰富的研究日志将包含研究查询，结果集，上下文信息，可视化和注释。RRW可以作为共享数字档案研究工作知识的媒介，类似于计算机研究中日益流行的代码共享。所有结果将作为开放数据/开放源代码软件提供。我们认为，这个项目有潜力汇集社区从音乐学，图书馆和档案馆，并计算互利。

Music research has developed a broad range of methods, where systematic musicology, ethnomusicology, or music psychology, have developed as "data oriented empirical research", which benefits from computing methods. In ethnomusicology particularly, there has been a recent growing interest in computational musicology and its application to audio data collections. Similarly, the empirical study of performance of Western music, such as timing, dynamics and timbre and their relation to musical structure has a long tradition. However, despite recent progress, this type of music research has so far been mostly limited to relatively small datasets, because of technological and legal limitations. Musicology and music history as a humanistic disciplines have so far had limited benefit from computational and dda methods, because a) the algorithms and technologies require too much technical expertise and b) the objects of study (recordings, scores, manuscripts and other artefacts), although often available in digitised form, cannot be accessed with the relevant tools, such as analysis algorithms, content and context based intelligent search, and user friendly systems and interfaces. This project will change this limitation and explore new directions in jazz research by developing novel methods and tools based on existing algorithms (developed by project partners in previous research) and applying these tools to jazz studies. Digital material in archives will be made more accessible and connected between different archives, audio recording will be analysed with state-of-the-art algorithms and contextualized with linked data, and research with digital tools will be made shareable. By combining these elements, novel methods can be developed and novel insights can be gained. We will collect requirements in participating archives and from the jazz research community to ensure that our work matches the needs and interests of digital humanities applied to jazz in practice. Based on the requirements, we will curate datasets, ensuring quality of the data and metadata, before pre-processing the datasets to extract symbolic information from audio recordings. Building on existing algorithms and tools, we will develop systems and interfaces that enable musically meaningful search, analysis and discovery, that goes beyond standard catalog search. We have several well-known jazz scholars in the project, who will use the datasets and tools we develop to develop case studies in humanistic research of the 'long tail' of lesser known recordings present in archives. These case studies will exemplify new directions in jazz studies that combine data-driven 'distant reading' with human expertise in 'close reading' with the help of the tool developed in this project . Musical questions addressed in this work will include how personal styles in relation to specific other players as well as to general trends in mainstream jazz in the US. It will also include the study of local jazz traditions, specifically in Scotland, and comparative studies overarching the two archives and exemplifying tools and methods for connecting digital archives that are on different continents.The results of these analyses will be made available in the form of highly interactive 'rich research workflows' (RRW). The rich research log will contain research queries, result sets, contextual information, visualisation and annotations. The RRW can be a medium for sharing working knowledge about research in digital archives similar to the increasingly popular sharing of code in computing research. All results will be made available as open data/open source software. We feel that this project has the potential to bring together communities from musicology, libraries and archives, and computing to mutual benefit.