Translating the Avesta: The Avestan and Pahlavi Versions of the Hom Yasht

72章的Yasna是琐罗亚斯德教的主要仪式文本，琐罗亚斯德教是前伊斯兰时代伊朗的主要宗教，它与《吠陀》中记载的古印度的语言和文化共享共同的遗产。Yasna 9-11是献给Haoma的，一位代表Yasna中所用祭祀植物的化身的神。在Yasna仪式上，压榨植物的树枝以提取其汁液。因此，Yasna 9-11讲述了神用力量、胜利、健康、知识和优秀的后代来奖励礼拜者。Yasna 9以先知查拉图斯德和浩马之间的对话开始。后者告诉琐罗亚斯德关于杰出的英雄，最终在琐罗亚斯德自己的父亲，谁在过去向他施压，并关于伟大的儿子，包括查拉图斯拉自己，谁是他们的出生作为对牺牲行为的奖励。Yasna 9-11的核心是一系列的祈祷和悼词。Yasna的原始文本是用阿维斯坦语写的，这是一种公元前1500-500年说的伊朗语言。阿维斯塔文文本在所有可能的口头传播，直到萨萨尼亚时期(公元224-651年)，当它们被写在一个有意识的发明和准确的语音文字反映的发音。在萨珊和早期伊斯兰时期，琐罗亚斯德教的牧师也翻译和评论巴列维语的Yasna，帕尔斯省的伊朗中部语言。在手稿中，巴列维版本与其阿维斯特原始版本交替，包括它们的抄本传统上被称为巴列维·雅斯纳手稿。尽管巴列维版本对于琐罗亚斯德教思想史的意义重大，但它主要被视为其阿维斯坦对应的辅助文本。该项目结合考据学中的新方法和数字人文中的工具，建议通过提供巴列维版本的巴列维版本的《浩马赞美诗》(巴列维·霍姆)的文本批评版本来填补这一空白。该项目将制作巴列维·亚斯纳9-11的全文数字音译，其中9-11个文本至关重要的手稿以XML(可扩展标记语言)形式存在，并将在网上发布，供研究人员访问以供进一步研究。XML音译将被上传到校对软件CollateX上，通过该软件，读数将被归类为主要变体，或被归类为其主要变体，被归为文本严重无关紧要的次要读数。然后，校对将被输出到排版软件LaTeX中，以形成作为版本的一部分的关键仪器。印刷版将提供编辑后的巴列维文本的转录和英文翻译。由于巴列维版本与其阿维斯坦原文一起出现在手稿中，将提供阿维斯特文本及其在SOAS Muya项目中编辑的英文翻译(2016-2021年)，以方便查阅。在每一节的巴列维部分之后，将有深入的评论讨论巴列维版本的文学、语言、仪式和其他特征。该版本还将提供经编辑的巴列维文本的音译，以及文本批判性的不同读物。这项研究将增进英国公众对琐罗亚斯德教的理解，琐罗亚斯德教是伊朗在人类思想史上的伟大贡献之一。这项研究还将有助于提高英国公众对生活在英国的约5000名琐罗亚斯德教徒的认识，并将提高琐罗亚斯德教社区和伊朗人对自己过去的了解。Khanizadeh打算创建一个项目网站和一个Twitter页面来发布项目新闻，并与流行的文化杂志和网站合作，以提高该项目的国际知名度。他还将在SOAS一年一度的库塔尔纪念讲座上发表演讲，主题是“琐罗亚斯德文学的传播”，以接触到更广泛的受众，包括学术和非学术领域。

The Yasna of 72 chapters is the chief ritual text of Zoroastrianism, the main religion of pre-Islamic Iran, which shares a common heritage with the language and culture of Ancient India as documented in the Vedas. Yasna 9-11 is dedicated to Haoma, a deity who represents the embodiment of the sacrificial plant used in the Yasna. During the Yasna ceremony, twigs of the plant are pressed to extract its juice. As a result, Yasna 9-11 recounts that the deity rewards worshippers with strength, victory, health, knowledge, and excellent offspring. Yasna 9 begins with a dialogue between the prophet Zarathushtra and Haoma. The latter tells Zarathushtra about illustrious heroes, culminating in Zarathushtra's own father, who pressed him in the past, and about wonderful sons, including Zarathusthra himself, who were born to them as a reward for the sacrificial act. The core of Yasna 9-11 encompasses a series of prayers and eulogies.The original text of the Yasna is in Avestan, an Iranian language spoken ca. 1500-500 BCE. The Avestan texts were in all likelihood transmitted orally until the Sasanian period (224-651 CE) when they were written down in a consciously invented and precise phonetic script reflecting the pronunciation of the words. During the Sasanian and early Islamic periods, Zoroastrian priests also translated and commented on the Yasna in Pahlavi, the Middle Iranian language of the province of Pars. In the manuscripts, the Pahlavi version alternates with its Avestan original and the codices that include them are traditionally called the Pahlavi Yasna manuscripts. In spite of the significance of the Pahlavi version for the history of Zoroastrian thought, it has mainly been treated as an auxiliary text to its Avestan counterpart. Combining new methods in textual criticism and tools in Digital Humanities, this project proposes to fill this gap by providing the first-ever text-critical edition of the Pahlavi version of the hymn to Haoma (Pahlavi Hom).The project will produce full-text digital transliterations of Pahlavi Yasna 9-11 of nine text-critically important manuscripts in XML (Extensible Markup Language) and will publish them online to be accessible to researchers for further studies. The XML transliterations will be uploaded onto the collation software CollateX by means of which the readings will be either categorised as main variants or regularised under their main variants as text-critically insignificant sub-readings. The collation will then be exported into the typesetting software LaTeX to form the critical apparatus as part of the edition. The print edition will offer the edited Pahlavi text in transcription with an English translation. As the Pahlavi version occurs together with its Avestan original in the manuscripts, the Avestan text and its English translation as edited in the MUYA project at SOAS (2016-2021), will be provided for convenient consultation. The Pahlavi section of each stanza will be followed by an in-depth commentary discussing literary, linguistic, ritual, and other features of the Pahlavi version. The edition will also provide the edited Pahlavi text in transliteration together with the text-critical apparatus of variant readings. The research will enhance the understanding of the UK public of Zoroastrianism, one of Iran's great contributions to the history of human thought. This research will also contribute to the UK public awareness of about 5000 Zoroastrians, living in the UK, and will raise the understanding of the Zoroastrian community and Iranians of their own past. Khanizadeh intends to create a project website and a twitter page to post project news and also to collaborate with popular cultural magazines and websites to create international awareness of the project. He will also deliver a talk at the annual Kutar Memorial Lecture at SOAS on "The Transmission of Zoroastrian Literature" in the second year of the project to reach out to wider audiences, both academic and non-academic.