Industry 4.0: Can AI ethics be embedded in the innovation lifecycle?

人工智能伦理框架能否嵌入到工业4.0中？工业4.0(I4)指的是制造业的数字化。连接多台机器的智能自主系统利用数据来增强整个产品生命周期的制造流程--从概念和设计到使用、维护和报废。人工智能对此至关重要。它使计算机系统能够自主行动，例如，诊断问题并解决问题。人类在转变中的作用。一方面，人工智能取代了决策过程中对人工输入的需求。另一方面，人类将与人工智能领导的数据收集工具，如腕带、数据眼镜或其他传感器相关设备，建立更加紧密的联系。鉴于对人工智能和人机交互的广泛伦理担忧，现有伦理框架的数量近年来激增。然而，这些倾向于关注抽象的原则，而很少详细说明如何在设计人工智能或在创新生命周期的不同阶段实施人工智能系统时实际应用这些原则。专门针对I4的道德框架往往侧重于员工的健康和安全，很少考虑员工的声音。该项目涉及界定范围的工作，这些工作将为今后深入调查人工智能道德框架对工作场所文化的影响奠定基础。我们对范围划分研究的指导问题是：I4网络中的不同利益相关者和驱动因素如何看待与人工智能相关的伦理问题？这些认知在多大程度上反映了I4创新生命周期中的主导文化，这些文化影响了负责任的人工智能的实施？利益相关者对人工智能道德的看法是如何由他们自己的工作场所文化塑造的，以及它们在多大程度上反映了潜在的专业、职业或更广泛的社会价值观和规范？我们的利益相关者在I4中的创新生命周期方面有不同的定位。这包括负责在整个生命周期中实施此类创新的团队，例如那些参与设计、测试和使用的团队。它还包括开发I4中人工智能创新所需的从硬件、编译器、库、服务和应用程序开发在内的一系列技术的团队。使我们的重点与I4中的所有行为者和采取的行动保持一致，将使我们能够更好地捕捉所涉及的广泛的工作场所文化问题，包括这些行为者之间相互联系所产生的问题。该项目将确定并组成一个利益共同体(COI)，将参与I4的各种利益攸关方聚集在一起。COI将围绕我们的项目合作伙伴苏格兰国家制造研究所和一家数据科学公司，前者是政府资助的枢纽，充当这些利益相关者的纽带，后者提供世界上使用最广泛的Python分发、工业人工智能和数据科学的云服务，以及人工智能/数据科学应用程序开发的专业服务。在我们的范围研究报告中，我们将提出一系列主题和主题，为未来与工作场所文化和在整个生命周期中将人工智能伦理嵌入I4创新的挑战相关的研究计划提供信息。这份报告将作为我们的项目合作伙伴、利益共同体成员和研究小组之间对话的一部分。

Can AI ethics frameworks be embedded in Industry 4.0? Industry 4.0 (I4) refers to the digitization of manufacturing. Smart and autonomous systems that connect multiple machines make use of data to enhance manufacturing processes across the entire lifecycle of products-from concept and design through to use, maintenance and end-of-life. AI is critical to this. It enables computer systems to act autonomously to, for example, diagnose problems and to solve them. The role of humans in shifting. On the one hand, AI displaces the need for human input in decision-making. On the other hand, humans will work in ever closer connection with the AI-led data collecting tools, such as wristbands, data glasses, or other sensor related devices. Given widespread ethical concern regarding AI and human machine interactions, the numbers of ethical frameworks in existence have proliferated in recent years. However, these tend to focus on abstract principles with little detail on how to practically apply them when designing AI or when implementing AI systems at different stages of the innovation lifecycle. Ethical frameworks targeted specifically at I4 tend to focus on employee health and safety, with little consideration of employee voice. The project involves scoping work that will lay the foundation for future in-depth investigations into the impact of AI ethics frameworks on workplace cultures in I4. Our guiding questions for the scoping study are: How do different stakeholders and drivers within I4 networks perceive ethical issues related to AI? To what extent do these perceptions reflect dominant cultures within the I4 innovation lifecycle which impact the implementation of responsible AI? How are stakeholders' perceptions of AI ethics shaped by their own workplace culture and to what extent do they reflect underlying professional, occupational, or broader societal values and norms? Our stakeholders are variously positioned in relation to the innovation lifecycle in I4. This includes teams tasked with taking such innovations through the lifecycle, such as those involved in design, testing and use. It also includes the teams developing the 'stack' of technologies, from hardware, compilers, libraries, services and application development, needed for AI innovations in I4. Aligning our focus with the full range of actors and actions taken in I4 will enable us to better capture the broad-spectrum workplace culture issues involved, including those arising from the interconnection between these actors. The project will identify and form a Community of Interest (CoI) that brings together the range of stakeholders involved in I4. The CoI will center around our project partners, the National Manufacturing Institute Scotland, a government-funded hub that acts as a nexus of these stakeholders, and a data science company, providing the world's most widely used Python distribution, cloud services for industrial AI and data science and professional services for the development of AI/data science applications. In our scoping study report, we will present a set of topics and themes to inform a future programme of research relating to workplace cultures and the challenges for embedding AI ethics in I4 innovation throughout the lifecycle. This report will emerge as part of a dialogue between our project partners, members of the Community of Interest, and the research team.