Internal trafficking and exploitation of children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) within England and Wales.

有特殊教育需要和残疾的儿童和青少年面临着越来越大的现代奴役风险。这项研究将提供高质量的证据，以解决在保护政策和指导以及更广泛的国内和国际法律框架方面的差距，这些框架没有充分支持对这一群体的识别。此外，目前的政策和指导没有为多机构规划和儿童保护对策提供适当的机制。2015年《现代奴役法案》（MSA）涵盖了“人口贩运”和“剥削”两项刑事犯罪。国内贩运（在英国境内）在英国每年的人口贩运统计数据中所占的比例越来越大，特别是由于对儿童的犯罪剥削有所增加。患有特殊情感障碍的儿童和青少年不仅在儿童时期具有脆弱性，而且由于缺陷和包括高度学校排斥、欺凌和社会孤立在内的问题，他们还具有额外的脆弱性。多机构服务机构往往不太了解这些增加的风险和脆弱性，他们很少接受保护残疾儿童和青年方面的培训。因此，MSA下的响应和要求很少认识到这些额外的脆弱性和风险，解决该群体的需求，也没有提供适当的政策和实践响应。这一群体的儿童往往被机构所忽视，贩运/伤害的迹象和指标可能被遗漏或错误地归因于缺陷。这种复杂性往往意味着这一群体在服务方面或服务提供之间存在差距，很少得到针对个人和具体需要量身定制的整体反应。通过与多机构、家庭/照顾者以及经历过贩运和/或剥削的SEND儿童和青少年的合作和参与，本研究将：1)确定相关法律、政策、指导和证据方面的差距，以支持更好地保护英格兰和威尔士经历过内部贩运和《现代奴隶制法》（2015年）所确定的各种形式伤害的SEND儿童和青少年。2)从从业人员、父母/照顾者和儿童/青少年的角度检查实践反应，以更好地识别疑似或已知的被贩运和被剥削的SEND儿童的风险、指标和反应。3)咨询战略和一线多机构从业者，以更好地了解改进政策和实践的障碍和促进因素。4)制定具体的产出和法律、政策和实践建议，以支持改进针对该群体的指导和政策制定，以满足其特定需求，并提出建议以支持改进政策和实践响应。我们致力于确保我们的研究成果有效地传达给不同的受众，以便分享学习成果，并改进儿童保护对策。我们将通过我们跨多机构、在地方和国家政府内部建立的广泛网络来做到这一点。我们将在针对实践、政策和学术界以及公众的活动中展示。我们将使用多种形式与不同的受众进行沟通，例如简短的简报、博客、播客和录制的网络研讨会。该项目解决了一个长期存在的问题，即如何更好地保护一群遭受剥削和其他形式伤害风险较高的儿童和青年。

Children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) face increased risks of Modern Slavery. This study will provide quality evidence to address gaps in safeguarding policy and guidance, and wider domestic and international legal frameworks, which do not adequately support the identification of this group. Furthermore, current policy and guidance does not provide appropriate mechanisms for multi-agency planning and child protection responses. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 [MSA] covers two criminal offences of 'human trafficking' and 'exploitation'. Internal trafficking (within UK borders) comprises a significant and increasing portion of UK national statistics on human trafficking in the UK each year, particularly due to an increase in criminal exploitation of children. Children and young people with SEND not only have vulnerabilities as children, but they also have additional vulnerabilities due to impairments and issues including high levels of school exclusion, bullying and social isolation. These increased risks and vulnerabilities are often not well understood by multi-agency services who rarely receive training in protection of disabled children and young people. Thus, responses and requirements under the MSA rarely recognises these additional vulnerabilities and risks, addresses this group's needs, nor provides appropriate policy and practice responses. This group of children are often invisible to agencies, and signs and indicators of trafficking/harm can be missed or misattributed to an impairment. Such complexity often means that this group fall though gaps in services or between service provision - rarely receiving a holistic response which is tailored to meet individual and specific needs. Through partnership and engagement with multi-agencies, families/care-givers and children and young people with SEND who have experienced trafficking and/or exploitation, this study will:1) Identify gaps in relevant law, policy, guidance and evidence to support the better protection of children and young people with SEND in England and Wales who have experienced internal trafficking and forms of harm as identified under the Modern Slavery Act (2015). 2) Examine practice responses from the perspectives of practitioners and parents/carers and children/young people to better identify the risks, indicators and responses in cases of suspected, or known, trafficked and exploited children with SEND. 3) Consult with strategic and frontline multi-agency practitioners to better understand barriers and facilitators to improved policy and practice.4) Develop specific outputs and legal, policy and practice recommendations that will support improved guidance and policy development for this group to meet their specific needs, and make recommendations to support improved policy and practice responses. We are committed to ensuring that our research findings are effectively communicated to diverse audiences so that learning can be shared, and child protection responses can be improved. We will do this through our extensive network across multi-agencies, and within local and national government. We will present at events targeted to the practice, policy and academic communities, and the general public. We will use a variety of formats to communicate with different audiences, such as short briefings, blogs, podcasts and recorded webinars. This project addresses a longstanding problem in improving the protection of a group of children and young people who are at a higher risk of exploitation and other forms of harm.