Triangulation of values using different valuation methods - CAVEAT

CAVEAT将确定和减轻与当前估值方法相关的注意事项，当应用于文化和遗产资本时，以告知决策。CAVEAT将探讨如何最好地三角现有的估值技术，以评估一个复杂的历史资产，如历史高街/邻里的存量（和流量）的价值，以提高决策者的信心时，使用这些结果在社会成本效益分析（SCBS）。CAVEAT解决了一个关键的政策和知识差距。保护遗产资产需要对稀缺资源的制度进行投资。历史悠久的英格兰高街遗产行动区（HSHAZ）计划是保护区如何需要协调行动的一个例子。历史悠久的高街目前正受到企业倒闭的影响，如果不对它们的保护和重新认证进行投资，城市将失去其遗产的核心部分。投资的商业案例要求决策者在社会成本效益分析框架内比较干预措施的成本和效益。他们面临的主要问题是充分说明与文化资产相关的经济价值（使用和非使用），并阐明其社会效益，这是简单的市场交易无法实现的。遗产资产不仅仅是它的真实的地产价值，或者人们与其使用相关的价值。非使用价值与资产的文化、美学和象征性质量和/或社区对其的情感依恋有关，将此类资产定义为遗产（Throsby，1999年）。能够反映与文化遗产相关的非使用价值的唯一方法是基于调查的技术，如选择实验和或有估价，可用于以货币形式表示与保护历史资产相关的社会效益。CAVEAT将几种经济评估技术应用于英国一个中等城市的同一条历史商业街，以评估其使用和非使用价值，并了解估计值可能出现差异的原因、偏差的来源以及最小化偏差的方法。这些技术捕捉使用价值（如享乐定价（HP）和旅行成本（TC）方法）和非使用价值（或有估价（CV）和离散选择实验（DCE）方法）。它调查了偏差的来源，如嵌入效应（在商品范围方面缺乏估计变化的问题）和信息效应。它探讨了受访者的情感依恋所发挥的作用，并比较了在假设的设置（CV和DCE）与现实世界的实验中，非使用价值的实际交易发生的价值估计。然后，将CV和DCE的结果与另一个英国城市的历史悠久的高街进行比较。这测试了使用利益转移的结果的可靠性（从第一个地点获得的结果推断可比地点的预期价值），并建议如何最大限度地减少可能的转移错误。该项目的主要成果是为研究人员和决策者提供指导，指导他们如何有效和高效地对复杂资产（如历史性高街/历史街区以及如何最大限度地减少潜在的偏见。CAVEAT为未来研究的发展提供了一个框架。该研究将影响英国文化部门和超越。项目团队由两个主要的国际遗产利益相关方国际文化财产保护与修复研究中心（ICCROM）和国际古迹遗址理事会（ICOMOS）组成，包括世界各地的政府和专家。项目团队成员来自各个学科（建筑学、城市规划、遗产保护、文化经济学、环境经济学、遗产宣传、政策制定支持），他们都曾在这些主题上工作过，并致力于采用跨学科的方法。

CAVEAT will identify and mitigate the caveats associated with current valuation methods when applied to culture and heritage capital to inform decision making. CAVEAT will explore how to best triangulate existing valuation techniques to assess the value of the stock (and flows) of a complex historic asset, such as a historic high street/neighbourhood, to improve decision makers' confidence when using such results in Social Cost-Benefit Analysis (SCBS).CAVEAT addresses a key policy and knowledge gap. The protection of heritage assets requires investments in a regime of scarce resources. Historic England's High Street Heritage Action Zone (HSHAZ) programme is an example of how conservation areas may require coordinated actions. Historic High Streets are currently suffering from the impact of businesses closures, and without investment in their conservation and requalification, cities lose a central part of their heritage. A business case for investment requires decision makers to compare costs and benefits of the intervention within a Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBS) framework. The main problem they face is to fully account for the economic values (both use and non-use) associated with a cultural asset and articulate their social benefits, which cannot be captured by simple market transactions. A heritage asset is more than its real estate value, or the value people associate with its use. The non-use value, linked to the cultural, aesthetic, and symbolic quality of the asset and/or the emotional attachment that communities have toward it, define such asset as heritage (Throsby, 1999). The only methods able to capture the non-use values associated to cultural heritage are survey-based techniques such as choice experiment and contingent valuation, which can be used to express in monetary terms the social benefits associated to the conservation of historic assets. CAVEAT applies several economic valuation techniques to the same historic high street in an English medium sized city to assess the use and non-use values, and understand the reasons for possible divergence in estimates, sources of bias and ways of minimizing them. These techniques capture use values (such as hedonic pricing (HP) and travel cost (TC) methods) and non-use values (contingent valuation (CV) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) methods). It investigates sources of biases, such as embedding effects (the problem of lack of variation of estimates with respect to the scope of the good) and information effects. It explores the role played by emotional attachment of respondents and compares the estimates of values obtained within the hypothetical setting (CV and DCE) with real-world experiments, where actual transaction for non-use values take place. The results from CV and DCE are then tested against a comparable historic high street in another English city. This tests the reliability of results using benefit transfers (inferring the expected values at the comparable site from results obtained from the first site) between the two sites and suggests ways to minimise possible transfer errors.The main outcome of the project is a guidance for researchers and decision-makers on how to effectively and efficiently triangulate valuation methods for complex assets such as historic high streets/historic neighbourhoods and how to minimise potential biases. CAVEAT provides a framework for the development of future studies. The research will impact the UK cultural sector and beyond. The project team involves two key international heritage stakeholders ICCROM and ICOMOS, engaging governments and experts worldwide.The project team encompasses expertise from various disciplines (architecture, urban planning, heritage conservation, cultural economics, environmental economics, heritage advocacy, policy making support) who have worked on these themes before and are committed to an interdisciplinary approach.