DRUG SELF-ADMINISTRATION--ENVIRONMENTAL & PHARMACOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS

自我给药，像其他习得的行为一样，是后天习得的， 保持并可以熄灭和重新启动。环境（例如， 强化时间表），药理学（例如，药物剂量）和 生物变量可以影响药物维持行为。目的 本建议中的研究的一个重要方面是使用药物的动物模型， 研究环境和药理学变量如何 影响维持和重新开始服药以及行为 由药物自我给药的时间表产生。 提出了三个系列的实验。第一个系列的目的 是研究操纵几个环境变量对 药物自我管理。猴子将在一个不连续的试验中接受训练 在药物注射和非药物注射之间进行选择的选择程序 厨师，食物。环境变量的影响，如时间表， 加强和惩罚对药物的选择频率将是 测定 第二个系列的目的是检查影响 恢复已消除的药物自我给药的概率。 将允许猴自我给药或盐水， 治疗前注射药物以恢复生理盐水的反应 作为复发的模型。环境的影响（例如，附表 强化）和药理学（例如，维持行为的药物） 关于注射药物恢复功能的可能性 将检查自我给药反应。 第三个系列旨在追求的发现，某些时间表， 药物自我管理可能会产生过度的行为， 与药物注射有关。这种行为很可能会 被归类为一种强迫行为。提出的实验将 进一步研究这一点和其他类似的 通过检查药物可获得性的条件， 过度行为此外，通过以下方式修改行为： 将对环境和药理学后果进行检查。 总之，这些实验将扩大我们对 控制药物获得、维持和重新开始的变量 自我管理。此外，我们将开始探索其他行为 药物自我给药的伴随物。结果将具有重要意义 对我们理解变量的影响， 人类药物滥用的行为复杂性。

Drug self-administration, like other learned behaviors, is acquired, maintained and can be extinguished and reinitiated. Environmental (e.g., schedule of reinforcement), pharmacological (e.g., drug dose) and organismal variables can influence drug-maintained behaviors. The purpose of the research in the present proposal is to use an animal model of drug abuse to investigate how environmental and pharmacological variables can affect maintenance and reinitiation of drug taking as well as behaviors generated by schedules of drug self-administration. Three series of experiments are proposed. The purpose of the first series is to examine the effect of manipulating several environmental variables on drug self-administration. Monkeys will be trained in a discrete-trials choice procedure to choose between a drug injection and a non-drug reinforcer, food. The effect of environmental variables such as schedule of reinforcement and punishment on the frequency of drug choice will be determined. The purpose of the second series is to examine variables that influence the probability that extinguished drug self-administration will be reinstated. Monkeys will be allowed to self-administer drug or saline and the ability of pre-session drug injections to reinstate responding for saline will serve as a model for relapse. The effect by environmental (e.g., schedule of reinforcement) and pharmacological (e.g., drug that maintains behavior) on the probability that a drug injection will reinstate the self-administration response will be examined. The third series is designed to pursue the finding that certain schedules of drug self-administration can generate excessive behavior that is not directly related to the drug injection. It is likely that the behavior can be classified as an adjunctive behavior. Experiments are proposed that will further examine the similarities between this and other adjunctive behaviors by examining conditions of drug availability that generate excessive behavior. In addition, modification of the behavior by environmental and pharmacological consequences will be examined. Taken together, these experiments will expand our knowledge of the variables that control acquisition, maintenance and reinitiation of drug self-administration. In addition, we will begin to explore other behavioral concomitants of drug self-administration. The results will have important implications for our understanding of the variables that control, as well as the behavioral complexity of, drug abuse in humans.