EFFECTS OF DRINKING AND NURSING--AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY

母亲在怀孕期间使用的酒精会损害胎儿的健康。 发展 在怀孕的最后三个月喝酒，当大脑 生长突增与神经心理改变有关 功能 分娩后的大脑发育也很快。 如果母亲在哺乳期饮酒， 大脑可以再次暴露于少量的乙醇通过母亲的 牛奶 只有一项对人类婴儿的研究探讨了这个问题; 结果是，婴儿每天只喝一杯， 平均，表现出运动发育的递减。虽然麻烦， 一项单独的研究不足以确立这种关联。 这里我们 提出一项调查，以确认或拒绝假设， 哺乳期饮酒与婴儿 认知、运动或躯体发育。 拟议的研究嵌套在 一项对15000名孕妇进行的纵向前瞻性研究。 妇女 在怀孕期间和怀孕后频繁填写问卷 交付. 本研究分为两部分：（一）统计分析 所有15000名孕妇，以确定酒精暴露的婴儿， 母乳，并评估是否有独立的关联， 结果长达18个月的年龄（生长，行为，气质，运动和 心理发展）。 这些结果相对粗糙，更精细- 规模研究（二）。 因此，从目前的研究来看，妇女 谁乳房费3个月，不给予补充配方，将是 鉴定 其中，将根据产后选择3组 酒精暴露（无;每周1次，但<1次/天;至少1次/天）。 3组 将在怀孕期间吸烟和饮酒进行匹配。 与此同时， 3组从未母乳喂养的母亲将被选择使用相同的 酒精暴露标准。 婴儿将在3岁时进行检查。 年龄 婴儿发育评分和生长参数将相关 通过母乳接触酒精，使用回归分析， 控制任何混杂变量。

Alcohol, used by the mother during pregnancy, can compromise fetal development. Drinking in the last trimester of pregnancy, when the brain growth spurt occurs, has been implicated in altered neuro-psychological functioning. Brain growth is also rapid in the period after delivery. If alcohol is used by the mother during lactation, the rapidly growing brain can again be exposed to small quantities of ethanol via mother's milk. Only one study of human infants has explored this question; the result was that infants exposed to as little as one drink a day, on the average, exhibited decrements in motor development. Although troubling, a single study is insufficient to establish the association. Here we propose an investigation to confirm or reject the hypothesis that drinking during lactation is associated with alterations in infant cognitive, motor, or somatic growth. The proposed study is nested within an ongoing longitudinal prospective study of 15000 pregnancies. Women complete questionnaires during pregnancy and at frequent intervals after delivery. there are 2 parts to this research: (I) Statistical analysis of all 15000 pregnancies to ascertain alcohol exposure of the infant via breast milk, and assess whether there are independent associations with outcome up to 18 months of age (growth, behavior, temperament, motor and mental development). These outcomes being relatively crude, a finer- scale study (II) is also proposed. Thus, from the present study, women who breast fee for 3 months, giving no supplemental formula, will be identified. From them, 3 groups will be selected according to postpartum alcohol exposure (non; 1/week but <1/day; at least 1/day). The 3 groups will be matched on smoking and drinking during pregnancy. In parallel, 3 groups of mothers who never breast fed will be chosen using the same alcohol exposure criteria. The infants will be examined at 3 years of age. Infant developmental scores and growth parameters will be related to exposure to alcohol via breast milk, using regression analysis to control for any confounding variables.