GENERATIONAL EFFECTS--PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE

这项研究的主要目的是了解对 他们拥有的更大的地方、国家和世界历史的个人 亲身经历；展示这段历史如何影响两人的集体记忆 过去和现在的态度和行动；并复制调查结果 在这些问题上，随着时间的推移和跨社会，以便既建立 重要的概括，并发现这些限制 所需的泛化和修改 历史经验的特殊性。这项研究是在 一个测试青春期重要性的生命历程视角 成年初期是形成记忆的关键时期， 态度和行动贯穿于以后的发展。 研究设计主要要求在内部进行开放式提问 三种类型的严格样本访谈调查：冗长的面对面 对底特律大都会地区代表的抽样调查， 将允许深入探索过去的记忆之间的联系 提出态度和行动，以及对 地方一级的历史；更短、更专注的全国电话 对美国公众的一项横截面调查，以求概括 过去(1985)关于个人和个人的交集的重要性的结果 青春期和成年期早期的民族历史，并重复 从之前的面对面采访中挑选出的问题；以及一系列 在其他一些国家(包括立陶宛、 俄罗斯共和国、日本和尼加拉瓜)，它们在 来自美国的历史和文化。

The main goals of this research are to understand the influence on individuals of the larger local, national, and world history that they have lived through; to show how that history affects both collective memories of the past and present attitudes and actions; and to replicate findings on these issues over time and across societies in order both to establish important generalizations and to discover the limits of these generalizations and the modifications required in them by the particularities of historical experience. The research is being done within a life course perspective that tests the importance of adolescence and early adulthood as a critical period for the shaping of memories, attitudes, and actions throughout later development. The research design calls primarily for open-ended questioning within rigorous sample interview surveys of three types: a lengthy face-to-face survey of a sample representative of the Metropolitan Detroit area, which will allow intensive exploration of the connection of memories of the past to present attitudes and actions, as well as a concern for the impact of history at the local level; a shorter and more focused national telephone survey of a cross-section of the American public, in order to generalize past (1985) results on the importance of the intersection of personal and national history during adolescence and early adulthood, and to repeat selected questions from the previous face-to-face interview; and a series of basic replications in a number of other countries (including Lithuania, the Russian Republic, Japan, and Nicaragua), which differ greatly in history and culture from the United States.