CHEMISTRY OF ARTHROPOD SECRETIONS

昆虫和其他节肢动物构成了现存动物的一半以上 地球上的物种;它们不仅从生物学的角度来看很重要， 而是作为疾病载体，以及农业、森林和家庭害虫。 昆虫之间、昆虫与植物、昆虫与动物之间 宿主和捕食者本项目旨在阐明 这些化学反应。对于节肢动物本身，注意 不仅对腺体物质，而且对全身性物质， 可能在节肢动物防御中发挥重要作用的组分和/或 通信 蜘蛛的毒液似乎特别有趣，因为有些蜘蛛 它们的低分子量组分通过新颖的方法引起猎物麻痹， 机制等一个重要的目标将是表征和 从蜘蛛毒液中合成这些毒素。另一个新目标 将是一个合成程序的启动，旨在定义 最近描述的抗病毒活性的结构要求 光蟾毒精 数百万年来，植物一直与昆虫共同进化， 这两类生物之间的化学关系非常丰富 也很有趣我们对植物的研究将强调隔离， 新型驱虫剂的特性和植物的利用 生物碱作为昆虫防御剂和信息素前体。 在所有情况下，具有可证实的生物活性的新化合物将被 分离并表征。将进行化学合成， 确认结构并为生物测定提供材料。整体 这项工作的目标是（1）增加我们对自然的理解 监管机制，（2）为新的控制技术提供基础 病媒或其他害虫，和（3）发现新的化学， 可能有助于开发治疗病毒和神经系统疾病的药物， 疾病

Insects and other arthropods constitute over half of the living animal species on earth; they are important not only from a biological viewpoint, but as disease vectors, and as agricultural, forest, and household pests. Insects interact chemically with one another, with plants, with animal hosts, and with predators. This project is concerned with elucidating the chemistry of these interactions. For the arthropods themselves, attention will be paid not only to glandular substances, but also to systemic components that may play important roles in arthropod defense and/or communication. The venoms of spiders appear to be especially interesting, since some of their low molecular weight components cause paralysis of prey by novel mechanisms. An important objective will be the characterization and synthesis of some of these toxins from spider venoms. Another new objective will be the initiation of a synthetic program designed to define the structural requirements for the anti-viral activity recently described for the lucibufagins. Plants have been co-evolving with insects for many millions of years, and the chemical relationships between these two groups of organisms are rich and interesting. Our work with plants will emphasize the isolation and characterization of new insect repellents, and the utilization of plant alkaloids as insect defensive agents and pheromone precursors. In all cases, new compounds with demonstrable biological activities will be isolated and characterized. Chemical syntheses will be carried out to confirm structures and to provide material for bioassays. The overall objectives of this work are (1) to increase our understanding of natural regulatory mechanisms, (2) to provide the basis for new control techniques of disease vectors or other pests, and (3) to discover new chemistry which may be useful in the development of drugs for viral and neurological diseases.