SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CONTROL OF TARGETED LIMB MOVEMENTS

此更新应用程序的长期目标是确定 神经系统使用动觉输入来控制目标肢体运动。 过去在这一领域的研究中存在的两个问题是：1） 研究人员缺乏一个概念框架来回答问题 关于动觉控制和2）新的实验技术需要， 回答这些问题 拟议的实验将根据经验检验一个 神经系统使用动觉输入的概念框架 首先建立然后调整3个空间和时间运动 参数：距离、时间和方向。 这些实验也将 开发2种实验技术来回答有关动觉的问题 控制：人类的肌腱振动和中枢神经记录 行为猴子 在这个补助金申请的四个具体目标解决了需要一个 概念框架和新的实验技术。 具体目标1是 在人类受试者中确定关节旋转到 目标取决于关于初始关节角度的动觉输入。 具体目标2是确定在人类受试者中，动觉输入 控制运动序列中关节旋转的起始计时。 具体目标3是确定猴子受试者的动觉输入如何 控制手的运动方向在行为和 神经水平。 具体目标四是发展肌腱技术 振动在人类的主题，使这项技术可以用来激活 肌肉感受器以一种可预测的、定量的方式。 通过测试这个概念框架，并通过开发这些实验性的 技术，我们可以开始回答一些基本的问题， 对目标肢体运动的动觉控制， 到达。 这些答案将为更多的应用提供有价值的见解 在运动发育和衰老等领域的运动控制问题， 运动障碍、肌电假肢和宇航员的运动控制 在外太空。

The long-term goal of this renewal application is to determine how the nervous system uses kinesthetic input to control targeted limb movement. Two problems with past research in this area of motor control are: 1) researchers lack a conceptual framework from which to answer questions about kinesthetic control and 2) new experimental techniques are needed to answer these questions. The proposed experiments will empirically test a conceptual framework in which the nervous system uses kinesthetic input initially to establish and then to adjust 3 spatial and temporal movement parameters: distance, timing, and direction. These experiments will also develop 2 experimental techniques to answer questions about kinesthetic control: tendon vibration in humans and central neural recording in behaving monkeys. Four specific aims in this grant application address the need for a conceptual framework and new experimental techniques. Specific Aim 1 is to determine in human subjects whether the distance a joint rotates to a target depends on kinesthetic input about the initial joint angle. Specific Aim 2 is to determine in human subjects how kinesthetic input controls the onset timing of joint rotations in movement sequences. Specific Aim 3 is to determine in monkey subjects how kinesthetic input controls the direction of a hand movement at both the behavioral and the neural levels. Specific Aim 4 is to develop the technique of tendon vibration in human subjects so this technique can be used to activate muscle receptors in a predictable, quantitative manner. By testing this conceptual framework and by developing these experimental techniques, we can begin to answer some fundamental questions about the kinesthetic control of targeted limb movements that were previously beyond reach. These answers will provide valuable insights into more applied problems of motor control in areas such as motor development and aging, motor disorders, myoelectrical prostheses, and motor control by astronauts in outer space.