NATURE OF BONE MINERAL: INCEPTION, MATURATION, AGING

拟议的研究旨在确定化学和结构 在骨骼的分子构型上发生的变化 矿物成分及其与有机基质的相互作用 成核、成熟和老化。这些变化发生在骨骼中，作为 组织和器官影响骨组织作为材料的质量 (机械支持)和作为离子储存库(生理作用)。这个 描绘正常组织中的这些变化将提供一个基线 评估以下物质对骨组织质量的影响 病理情况包括骨软化和软骨病、骨质疏松症 和肾性骨病。我们的研究将广泛使用密度 骨的分离，这产生的组织样本相对 同质的关于成熟阶段的同质的是否可以使用 这样的样本避免了组织的主要部分模糊的问题 次要组分的性质，并允许研究骨矿物质 从最早的固体矿床，到逐步递增的程度 矿化和成熟期，到 衰老。我们还将仔细解剖和研究已经被 显示只包含最早的固体矿藏 发展骨，在受控条件下制备新形成的骨 在骨器官培养中。 我们将通过x射线研究组织年龄分化的骨矿物质。 绕射，包括径向分布函数分析，原子核 磁共振光谱学(这是唯一能够阐明 骨骼矿物中重要的酸性-磷酸盐成分的性质)和 化学成分分析。这些研究的结果将是 综合以提供主要结构的详细特征 以及初始沉积矿物的组成特征和变化 在进一步开发过程中发生在矿物成分中， 成熟和老化。

The proposed research is designed to determine the chemical and structural changes which take place both in the molecular configurations of bone mineral components and in their interaction with the organic matrix during nucleation, maturation and aging. These changes occurring in bone as a tissue and as an organ influence the qualify of bone fabric as a material (mechanical support) and as an ion reservoir (physiological role). The delineation of those changes in normal tissue will provide a baseline to assess the effect on the qualities of the bone fabric resulting from pathological conditions including osteomalacia and rickets, osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy. Our study will make extensive use of density fractionation of bone, which yields tissue samples which are relatively homogeneous with respect to the stage of maturation. The availability of such samples avoids the problem of major portions of the tissue obscuring the properties of minor fractions, and allows study of the bone mineral from the earliest solid deposits, through progressively increasing degrees of mineralization and maturation, to the most mature stages reached during aging. We will also carefully dissect and study tissues which have been shown to contain exclusively the earliest solid mineral deposits in developing bone, and prepare newly-formed bone under controlled conditions in bone organ culture. We will study the tissue-age differentiated bone mineral by x-ray diffraction, including radial distribution function analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (which is uniquely capable of elucidating the nature of the important acid-phosphate constituent of bone mineral) and chemical composition analyses. The results of these studies will be integrated to provide a detailed characterization of the major structural and composition features of the initial mineral deposited, and the changes which take place in the mineral component during further development, maturation and aging.