SELF-HELP MODELS & INTERVENTIONS FOR SMOKING CESSATION

这项拟议中的研究旨在发展更有效的自助 戒烟的模式和干预措施。 虽然吸烟是 最可预防的癌症原因，5000万美国人继续吸烟。 大多数吸烟者报告说，他们不会参加正规的治疗 计划，但会使用自助材料。 因此，有一个 迫切需要制定和传播更有效的模式， 对希望自己戒烟的人进行干预。 的 拟议的研究是十年来关于自我改变研究的延续 戒烟的方法由格兰特CA27821资助。 拟议 研究将采取特定阶段的自助戒烟计划， 在第三阶段的研究和技术转让中最有希望 向更大规模的第四阶段定义的吸烟人群传播 属于一个健康维护组织。 我们的第一、第二和第三阶段 研究为调查和干预提供了基础， 每个变化阶段的主题：预先考虑，考虑，准备 for action行动，action行动，relapse复发and maintenance维护. 第四阶段的样本 吸烟者将被积极招募，以便更多的吸烟者和 沉思者将构成这个样本。 该项目将评估我们如何 自助，具体阶段的干预工作，利用过程， 结果测量。 在研究I中，将使用因子设计， 1、2、3和6个串行触点，具有交互式、基于计算机和 非交互式干预。 不同系列触点之间的比较 条件将阐明系列治疗效果。 计划的比较将 澄清互动的，基于计算机的干预是否更 与非交互式手册相比， 研究II 比较了两个增强版的标准计算机交互 程序，一个利用尼古丁褪色，手持计算机模态， 另一个是咨询师呼叫模式。 数据分析将确定 最有效的，成本效益，和这些吸烟的推广元素 准备推广到更大的第五阶段的戒烟干预措施 人口。 这项研究旨在通过以下方式为癌症控制做出贡献： 制定和评估更有效的自助模式和干预措施 有潜力提供互动但具有成本效益的自助服务， 为全体吸烟者提供服务。

The proposed research is designed to develop more effective self-help models and interventions for smoking cessation. Although smoking is the most preventable cause of cancer, 50 million Americans continue to smoke. MOst smokers report that they would not attend formalized treatment programs but would use self-help materials. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop and disseminate more effective models and interventions for individuals wishing to quit smoking on their own. The proposed research is a continuation of ten years of research on self-change approaches to smoking cessation funded by Grant CA27821. The proposed study will take stage-specific, self-help smoking cessation programs that have been most promising in Phase III research and transfer the technology for dissemination to a larger scale Phase IV defined population of smokers belonging to a Health Maintenance Organization. Our Phase I, II, and III research provides the foundation for investigation of and intervention with subjects at each stage of change: precontemplation, contemplation, ready for action, action, relapse and maintenance. This Phase IV sample of smokers will be recruited proactively, so that more precontemplators and contemplators will comprise this sample. This project will assess how our self-help, stage-specific interventions work by utilizing process-to- outcome measures. In Study I a factorial design will be used which crosses 1, 2, 3, and 6 serial contacts with both interactive, computer-based and non-interactive interventions. Comparisons across different serial contact conditions will clarify serial treatment effects. Planned comparisons will clarify whether interactive, computer-based interventions are more effective and cost-effective compared to non-interactive manuals. Study II compares two enhanced versions of our standard computer interactive program, one utilizing a nicotine fading, hand-held computer modality and the other a counselor calling modality. Data analyses will identify the most effective, cost effective, and generalizable elements of these smoking cessation interventions in preparation for dissemination to larger Phase V populations. This research is designed to contribute to cancer control by developing and evaluating more effective self-help models and interventions that have potential for providing interactive yet cost-effective self-help programs for entire populations of smokers.