13TSB_ACT: Seaweed as a Solution for Sustainable Economic and Environmental Development

任务1.1种植系统的优化生产力可以用单位面积的产量和单位抽水量的产量来定义。系统的占地面积和泵送的水量直接影响生产成本。将开发一个生产系统，最大限度地提高生物质产量和质量，同时最大限度地减少足迹和抽水。这将基于两个公认的行业标准：锥形底圆形罐（paxtons）和v型底滚道。任务1.2优化生长条件物理参数，如光的可用性，温度，营养，和pH值都影响海藻生长的速度，从而系统的生产力。基于MaraWeed项目的初步结果，将针对任务1.1中试验的生产系统优化这些变量。将使用复制的生产单元和一系列短期实验（1个月）的定期监测来确定生产系统的最佳参数。任务1.3开发新技术以增加生产季节。初步研究表明，白天的长度可能是对海藻生产力的最大限制。为了克服这一限制，将试验使用节能LED照明系统。这将首先在SAMS的受控和重复实验室规模试验中完成，以确定哪些系统是合适的，并证明成本效益。比较野生海藻和人工养殖海藻的营养成分。每季度将对野生海藻和养殖海藻的营养概况进行比较。此外，还将在两个时间段对野生和养殖海藻进行全面的金属分析。将测试三种虫害控制系统，以确定其减少食草动物和污损生物的功效。这些将是淡水，过氧化氢和碘治疗。SAMS将进行针对食草动物和污损生物有效性的小规模试验;将为更大规模的生产设施制定协议。任务3.1在OF将海藻种植与现有水产养殖相结合。为了确定开发一个综合系统是否有好处，OF孵化场的流出将与复制的海藻生产单元的流入相连接。任务3.2集成系统的性能监控。将在6个月的时间内监测集成系统的生产率和质量（使用与任务2.1相同的参数）。任务3.3集成系统的效益分析。将分析进入和离开综合系统的水的营养物含量（硝酸盐、铵、磷酸盐）。这将决定该系统从水产养殖废物中去除营养物的效率。这些数据将与生产率数据和产品质量数据相结合，以进行整合的成本效益分析。任务4.1实验室规模的两种新海藻的营养生长试验。SP1和SP2将在SAMS的重复试验中以小规模生长，以确定它们是否适合大规模生产。这些试验将包括确定海藻是否会在翻滚培养中生长，或者是否需要固定。任务4.2观察新品种海藻的有性繁殖。 要解释海藻的整个生活史是出了名的困难。然而，在任务4.1期间，将观察两种海藻的性发育和产卵迹象。任务4.3新海藻的中试规模商业化种植。T4.1中生成的信息将用于在OF开发和运行两个物种的中试规模培养。

Task 1.1 Optimisation of growing systems.Productivity can be defined both in terms of production per unit area, and production per unit volume of pumped water. Both the footprint of the system and the amount of water pumped directly impacts on the cost of production. A production system that maximises biomass production and quality while minimising on footprint and water pumping will be developed. This will be based on two accepted industry standards: conical bottom circular tanks (paxtons) and v bottom raceways. Task 1.2 Optimisation of the growth conditions. Physical parameters such as light availability, temperature, nutrients, and pH all affect the rate that seaweeds grow at and thence the productivity of the system. Building on the preliminary results from the MaraWeed project these variables will be optimised for the production systems trialled in Task 1.1. Replicated production units and regular monitoring over a series of short duration experiments (1 month) will be used to define the optimal parameters for the production system.Task 1.3 Development of new technology to increase the production season. The preliminary study has indicated that day length is likely to be the largest constraint on the productivity of the seaweed. To overcome this constraint the use of energy efficient LED lighting systems will be trialled. This will initially be done in controlled and replicated lab scale trials at SAMS to determine which systems are appropriate, and to demonstrate cost effectiveness. Task 2.1 Compare the nutritional profile of wild harvest and cultivated seaweeds. Nutritional profiles will be compared on a quarterly basis between wild harvested and cultivated seaweeds. In addition a full metal analysis will be conducted on both wild and cultivated seaweeds at two time periods.Task 2.2 Development of organic pest control systems. Three pest control systems will be tested to determine their efficacy of reducing grazers and fouling organisms. These will be freshwater, hydrogen peroxide, and iodine treatments. Small scale trial of the effectiveness against grazers and fouling organisms will be conducted at SAMS; protocols will be developed for larger scale production facilities.Task 3.1 Integration of seaweed cultivation with existing aquaculture at OF. To determine if there are benefits from developing an integrated system the outflow from the OF hatchery will be connected to the inflow of replicated seaweed production units. Task3.2 Performance monitoring of the integrated system. The productivity and quality (using same parameters as task 2.1) will be monitored for the integrated system over the course of 6 months.Task 3.3 Benefit analysis of the integrated system. The nutrient content (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate) of the water entering and leaving the integrated system will be analysed. This will determine the efficiency of the system to remove nutrient loading from aquaculture wastes. This data will be combined with the productivity data, and product quality data to perform cost benefit analysis of integrations.Task 4.1 Lab scale trials on the vegetative growth of two new species of seaweed. SP1 and SP2 will be grown at small scale in replicated trials at SAMS to determine whether they are suitable for large scale production. These trials will include determining whether the seaweeds will grow in tumble culture or if they need to be fixedTask 4.2 Observation of sexual reproduction in new species of seaweed. Elucidation of the full life history of seaweeds is notoriously difficult. However for the duration of task 4.1 the two species of seaweed will be kept under observation for signs of sexual development and spawning. Task4.3 Pilot scale commercial cultivation of new seaweeds. The information generated in T4.1 will be used to develop and run pilot scale cultivations of the two species at OF.