ANIHWA call2: Sustainable management of aquaculture fish health through the development of low cost plant-derived vaccines

水产养殖业是全球增长最快的食品生产部门。为了实现可持续的水产养殖食用鱼生产和管理水产养殖鱼类健康，疫苗接种已被发现是增加经济产出和改善动物福利的有效方法。它还允许发展更可持续的养鱼业，减少抗生素和化学品的使用。由于病毒性疾病对全世界的水产养殖构成严重威胁，缺乏预防措施会产生广泛的负面后果。例如，胰腺疾病（PD），一种由鲑鱼甲病毒（SAV）引起的病毒性鱼类疾病，对挪威鲑鱼水产养殖以及其他欧洲国家（如英国）具有重大影响。另一种鱼类病毒性疾病，病毒性出血性败血症（VHS），可以影响大多数在淡水或海水中饲养的鲑鱼，是由VHS病毒引起的。VHSV对养殖虹鳟鱼造成的经济损失是芬兰水产养殖业的一项具有挑战性的任务。挪威和英国也发生了VHS疫情。VHSV已在海洋鱼类中检测到，并且已知具有高突变率和适应性。因此，迫切需要开发低成本的鱼类疫苗，以协助欧洲的可持续水产养殖生产。因此，我们三个欧洲合作伙伴（挪威、英国和芬兰）的目标是推进我们现有的植物基重组蛋白生产技术，建立一个跨国植物基低成本疫苗生产平台，以促进未来以低成本大量生产鱼类疫苗。我们选择PD和VHS作为两种情况进行原理验证，并将测试我们的三种不同的烟草生产技术（即通过产生病毒样颗粒的瞬时表达，叶绿体基因工程和烟草BY-2细胞系平台）。通过比较三个系统的总生产成本、扩大规模的潜力和项目期结束时的时间轴，PlantVac项目可以为未来生产PD和VHS疫苗以及其他鱼类疫苗提供基于技术的工厂生产平台。PlantVac联盟由经验丰富的科学家组成，他们在三个拟议的植物生产系统、鱼类健康、兽医免疫学和经济学方面具有所需的专业知识。

The aquaculture industry is the fastest growing food-producing sector worldwide. To achieve a sustainable aquaculture food-fish production and manage the aquaculture fish health, vaccination has been found to be an effective method for increasing economic output and improving animal welfare. It has also permitted the development of more sustainable fish farming with reduced use of antibiotics and chemicals. Since viral diseases pose a serious threat to aquacultures worldwide, this lack of preventive measures has extensive negative consequences. For instance, pancreas disease (PD), a viral fish disease caused by the Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) has a significant impact on Norwegian salmonid aquaculture as well as in other European countries e.g. UK. Another fish viral disease, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), which can affect most species of salmonid fish reared in fresh water or sea water, is caused by the VHS virus. The economic loss caused by VHSV on farmed rainbow trout is a challenging task in Finnish aquaculture. Outbreaks of VHShave also occurred in Norway and the UK. VHSV has been detected in marine fish, and is known to have high mutation rate and adaptability. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop low-cost fish vaccines to assist sustainable aquaculture production in Europe. Thus, we three Europeans partners (Norway, UK and Finland) aim to advance our existing plant-based recombinant protein production technologies to establish a transnational plant-based low cost vaccine production platform to facilitate the future production of fish vaccines in large quantity at low cost. We have selected PD and VHS as two cases for proof-of-principle and will test our three different tobacco-production technologies (i.e. transient expression by producing virus like particles, chloroplast genetic engineering and tobacco BY-2 cell line platform). By comparing the three systems in terms of total production costs, scaling-up potential and timeline by the end of the project period, the PlantVac project can provide a technology-based plant production platform for future production of PD and VHS vaccines as well as other fish vaccines. The PlantVac consortium consists of experienced scientists with the required expertise on three of the proposed plant production systems, fish health, veterinary immunology and economics.