A PHYSICOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF TASTE

这项建议涉及味觉和蛋白质的转导机制。 嗅觉。在味觉的情况下，提出了两种方法。第一个是 一种使用大鼠的体内方法，允许监测 整合鼓索反应和跨上皮电位或 短路电流。脉冲电流或电压还允许 连续记录电导。第二种方法利用 体外分离的舌上皮细胞。这种方法使调查成为可能 不同药物对离子转运的影响 舌上皮的特性。现在有证据表明，有一种类型 钠味感受器是根尖细胞的钠转运途径。 味蕾细胞膜。也有很好的证据表明心尖部 在非味觉上皮细胞中也存在转运途径。因此， 一段舌上皮的平均短路电流是 这可能是味蕾细胞电流密度的一个很好的指标。 通过记录跨上皮电位的时间进程或 短路电流和神经反应，组织 电生理反应可以与在脑电活动中观察到的 味觉神经。初步数据显示，神经细胞的发病 活动与电流和神经的内向运动相吻合 适应与短路中的慢分量或第二分量重合 电流。药物探针，如阿米洛利，将被用来观察 如果神经抑制与短路抑制重合 电流。体外方法将使两性离子的研究成为可能 抑制盐诱导的内向电流和氯化十六烷基吡啶 最近发现的舌跨上皮电流增强剂。这个 牛蛙嗅觉黏膜体外制剂的研制 承诺提供有关嗅觉分泌机制和 气味刺激的内向电流的离子基础。当 纤毛侧受到气味的刺激，反应是向内快速的 电流瞬变，然后是较慢的第二个内向电流。第一 成分可能来源于受体细胞。结果应该是 在早期阶段确定当前运营商的身份 嗅觉传导。

The proposal deals with the mechanism of transduction in both taste and olfaction. In the case of taste, two methods are proposed. The first is an in vivo method using the rat which allows the monitoring of the integrated chorda tympani response and the transepithelial potential or short-circuit current. Pulsed current or voltage also allows for a continuous record of the conductance. The second method utilizes the isolated lingual epithelium in vitro. This method allows the investigation of the effect of various pharmacological agents on the ion transport properties of the lingual epithelium. There is now evidence that one type of sodium taste receptor is a sodium transport pathway in the apical membranes of taste-bud cells. There is also good evidence that the apical transport pathway is also found in nongustatory epithelia. Thus, the short-circuit current averaged over a section of lingual epithelium is probably a good indicator of the current density across taste-bud cells. By recording the time course of the transepithelial potential or short-circuit current and the neural response, the tissue electrophysiological responses can be correlated with those seen in the gustatory nerves. Preliminary data indicate that the onset of neural activity coincides with the inward movement of current and that neural adaptation coincides with the slow or second component in the short-circuit current. Pharmacological probes, such as, amiloride, will be used to see if neural inhibition coincides with inhibition of the short-circuit current. The in vitro method will permit the study of zwitterions which inhibit the salt-evoked inward current and cetylpyridinium chloride, a recently discovered enhancer of the lingual transepithelial current. The development of an in vitro preparation of bullfrog olfactory mucosa promises to yield information on both olfactory secretory mechanisms and on the ionic basis of the odorant-stimulated inward current. When the ciliated side is stimulated with odorants, the response is a rapid inward current transient followed by a slower second inward current. The first component is probably of receptor cell origin. The results should establish the identity of the current carriers during the early phases of olfactory transduction.