CAFFEINE'S EFFECTS ON SMOKING AND NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL

吸烟通常与摄入含咖啡因的食物有关 饮料，尤指咖啡。流行病学研究表明 吸烟量与咖啡量的相关性研究 每天都要喝。此外，喝咖啡的行为可能是一种强烈的 对许多人吸烟有刺激作用。的长期目标是 这项研究计划是为了确定咖啡是否与 或者吸烟时摄入咖啡因会显著地导致 吸烟可能对健康造成不良影响或上瘾。 该应用程序考虑了喝咖啡的三个不同领域 可能会增加吸烟的风险。第一，咖啡因摄入量 可以增强尼古丁的拟交感神经作用，并增加 它们的致病性。众所周知，咖啡因可以增强其他 感同身受地做出反应。一项实验室研究将检查 咖啡因预处理对交感神经兴奋的剂量效应 对受控药物的介导心血管和神经内分泌反应 香烟烟雾中尼古丁的剂量。第二，中国的消费 咖啡因或咖啡会影响吸烟者的临时香烟摄入量 吸烟和尼古丁通过药理或行为机制。一个 实验室研究将检验以下因素的单独和综合影响 短期内咖啡因摄入与咖啡饮用行为 吸烟行为和尼古丁摄入量。一项相关的研究将检查 饮用含咖啡因咖啡与含双咖啡因咖啡对即兴行为的影响 在长达一周的正常活动期间，吸烟和尼古丁的摄入量。 第三，摄入咖啡因可能会使戒烟变得更加困难 并通过增加或加剧复发的可能性增加复发的可能性 烟草戒断症状或通过改变认知和 禁欲期间出现的绩效缺陷。一项研究将 检测含咖啡因咖啡与不含咖啡因咖啡对 4天实验期间的戒断症状和渴求 戒烟。相关的实验室研究将检查 剂量相关咖啡因对相关表现减退的影响 患有急性禁烟症。这五项研究中的每一项也将 探索咖啡因/咖啡中潜在的种族或民族差异 纳入和直接比较对吸烟行为的影响 在每个方案中，白人和黑人受试者分组。 总之，这五项拟议的研究应该会为 吸烟行为及其健康后果。此外，一个 了解咖啡因和饮用咖啡对吸烟的影响 行为应产生切实的建议，以提高临床 旨在戒烟的努力。

Cigarette smoking is commonly linked to the consumption of caffeinated beverages, especially coffee. Epidemiological studies suggest strong correlations between number of cigarettes smoked and quantity of coffee consumed daily. Furthermore, the act of coffee-drinking can be a strong stimulus for smoking in many individuals. The long-term objective of this research program is to determine whether the association of coffee or caffeine consumption with smoking contributes significantly to the adverse health consequences or addictive potential of smoking. The application considers three different areas in which coffee drinking could contribute to the risks of smoking. First, caffeine consumption could potentiate the sympathomimetic effects of nicotine and increase their pathogenicity. Caffeine is known to potentiate other sympathetically mediated responses. A laboratory study will examine the dose-related effects of caffeine pretreatment on sympathetically mediated cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to a controlled dose of nicotine in cigarette smoke. Second, the consumption of caffeine or coffee could affect a smoker's ad lib intake of cigarette smoke and nicotine through pharmacological or behavioral mechanisms. A laboratory study will examine the separate and combined effects of caffeine administration and coffee-drinking behaviors on short-term smoking behavior and nicotine intake. A related study will examine the effects of caffeinated vs. dicaffeinated coffee consumption on ad lib smoke and nicotine intake during week-long periods of normal activity. Third, caffeine consumption could make smoking cessation more difficult and increase the likelihood of relapse by adding to or intensifying the symptoms of tobacco abstinence or by altering the cognitive and performance deficits that appear during abstinence. One study will examine tbe effects of caffeinated vs. decaffeinated coffee on withdrawal symptoms and craving during 4-day periods of experimental smoking abstinence. A related laboratory study will examine dose-related caffeine effects on the performance decrements associated with acute smoking deprivation. Each of the five studies will also explore potential racial or ethnic differences in caffeine/coffee effects and smoking behaviors by the inclusion and direct comparison of groups of White and Black subjects in each protocol. Together, these five proposed studies should provide new insights into cigarette smoking behavior and its health consequences. Furthermore, an understanding of the effects of caffeine and coffee drinking on smoking behavior should yield practical suggestions that will enhance clinical efforts directed at smoking cessation.