EVALUATION OF MERCURY RELEASE FROM DENTAL AMALGAMS

尽管公众意识和专业人士对 汞在牙科汞合金中的使用，只有少数几个研究小组致力于 相当大的努力来确定最终的暴露和生物学 此元素的效果。因此，许多重大而紧迫的问题 问题仍然没有得到回答。这个问题的重要性在于 事实上，大约80%的后部修复体是由 这种材料。最初研究提案的目标是 系统研究汞的数量、速率和作用机理 牙科银汞合金及其组成相的溶解释放 和蒸发。本提案的总体目标是继续 这一努力是为了建立最大值的水平 牙科患者和工作人员对牙科汞的暴露 汞齐。此外，关于老鼠的进一步信息，机制和 将获得汞齐释放出的化学形式的汞。 将使用金膜汞分析仪(Jerome 411)来定量 液态汞、汞齐和汞齐相中汞的汽化 通过水溶液，预计将在体内发生。其影响 腐蚀和疲劳载荷对汞合金汞蒸气释放的影响 也将进行研究。此外，汞蒸气的总量 在研磨、放置、抛光和去除汞齐过程中产生 将在封闭系统中使用蒸汽分析器进行定量，按顺序 以确定患者和牙科人员的最终接触。 原子吸收光谱分析将用于定量测定其溶解度。 水、盐水和人造水中汞的限量和溶解速度 唾液。此外，这项技术将被用来确定 汞的总量，以及银、铜、锡和锌， 从汞齐中溶解，浸泡在流动的、不断补充的 解决方案，就像在活体中遇到的那样。最后，这一比率 银汞合金及其表面膜的形成和组成 空气和盐水中的物相将由x射线光电子测定。 光谱学，因为这种薄膜已经被证明可以延缓汞的排放。 相信本研究将更全面地评价 释放机制，以及汞总量的量化 牙科患者和工作人员在日常工作中可能接触到的 基础。

Despite the increased public awareness and professional concern over the use of mercury in dental amalgam, only a few research groups have devoted considerable effort to determining the ultimate exposure and biological effects of this element. Therefore, many significant and imperative questions remain unanswered. The importance of this issue lies in the fact that approximately 80% of all posterior restorations are made from this material. The goal of the original research proposal was to systematically investigate the quantity, rate and mechanisms of mercury release from dental amalgams and their constituent phases by dissolution and evaporation. The overall goal of the present proposal is to continue this effort in order to establish maximum values for the level of exposure for dental patients and personnel to mercury from dental amalgams. In addition, further information on the rat, mechanism and chemical form of mercury released from amalgam will be obtained. A gold film mercury analyzer (Jerome 411) will be used to quantitate the vaporization of mercury from liquid mercury, amalgams and amalgam phases through aqueous solutions, as is expected to occur in vivo. The effects of corrosion and fatigue loading on mercury vapor release from amalgam will also be studied. In addition, the total amount of mercury vapor generated during trituration, placement, polishing and removal of amalgam will be quantitated in a closed system with the vapor analyzer, in order to determine the ultimate exposure to both patient and dental personnel. Atomic absorption spectroscopy will be used to quantitate the solubility limits and dissolution rate of mercury in water, saline and an artificial saliva. In addition, this technique will be employed to determine the total amount of mercury, as well as silver, copper, tin and zinc, dissolving from amalgam immersed in a flowing, continuously replenished solution, as would be encountered in vivo. Finally, the rate of formation and composition of the surface film forming on amalgam and its phases in air and saline will be determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, since this film has been shown to retard mercury emission. It is believed that the present study will more completely evaluate the mechanisms of release, as well as quantitate the total amount of mercury that the dental patient and personnel may be exposed to on a routine basis.