PAIN, DISTRESS & PERSONAL CONTROL

这项研究的总体目标是检验两种理论解释，如 为什么预备性感觉/程序信息会减轻一些患者的负担 报告厌恶的医疗/牙科治疗后的痛苦。这 项目将比较4种认知(信息)的有效性 减轻即刻和记忆中的疼痛/痛苦的策略 当个人对个人控制的偏好为 为人所知。研究的其他目的是比较：1)加强控制 通过检查水平之间的差异来检验操纵的效果 预期的控制和在实验中感受到的控制水平 组。2)实验操作对情绪的影响 患者报告说，在令人厌恶的牙科事件期间，他们会集中注意力。3)水平 的患者报告根管治疗后的可预测性 患者提供了不同类型的准备信息。4) 使用两种不同的技术来测量疼痛和痛苦(即， 言语描述量表和视觉模拟量表)。研究人员认为 程序性/感官信息可以显著减少 一些患者在厌恶医疗/牙科期间经历的疼痛和痛苦 程序。然而，这种策略对一些患者有效而不有效的原因是 因为其他人还没有被很好地理解。一种解释涉及到个人 个人控制偏好的差异；这些差异被认为 影响这种认知控制策略的治疗效果。 然而，个人控制的概念化是从 过去的个人控制研究只强调知觉控制(感觉) 鉴于该项目团队最近的工作研究了 控制力。评估受试者渴望的附加预测性效用 控制以及感知的控制通过以下方式建立 初步研究。本项目提出要研究“体内”的 个体差异对人的欲望和情感的影响 针对痛苦和疼痛的个人牙科控制以及测试两个 可能解释的不同的有效性 有关伴随根管的痛苦和疼痛的程序/感官信息 心理治疗。最后，本研究对《知情者》有重要的启示 这项调查的数据将提供理论依据 包括感官和程序信息的某些组合。

The overall aim of this research is to test two theoretical explanations as to why preparatory sensory/procedural information lessens some patients report of distress following aversive medical/dental treatment. This project will compare the effectiveness of 4 cognitive (information) strategies in attenuating immediate and remembered pain/distress following root canal treatment when individual preferences for personal control are known. Other aims of the study are to compare: 1) The control enhancing effects of the manipulations by examining the discrepancy between the level of control expected and the level of control felt among the experimental groups. 2) The effect of the experimental manipulations on feelings patients report focusing on during an aversive dental event. 3) The level of predictability patients report following root canal treatment among patients given differing types of preparatory information. 4) The measurement of pain and distress using two different techniques (i.e., Verbal Descriptor Scales and Visual Analogue Scales). Researchers believe that procedural/sensory information can significantly reduce the amount of pain and distress some patients experience during aversive medical/dental procedures. Yet the reasons this strategy works for some patients and not for others are not well understood. One explanation involves individual differences in personal control preference; these differences are believed to influence the therapeutic impact of this cognitive control strategy. The conceptualization of personal control, however, that has emerged from past personal control research has emphasized only perceived control (felt) whereas recent work from this project team has studied the desire for control. The added predictive utility of assessing subjects desire for control as well as perceived control has been established through preliminary studies. This project proposes to study "in vivo" the influence of individual differences in the desire for and feelings of personal dental control on distress and pain as well as testing two possible explanations for the differential effectiveness of procedural/sensory information on distress and pain accompanying root canal therapy. Finally, this research has important implications for "informed consent". Data from this investigation will provide theoretical rationale for including certain combinations of sensory and procedural information.