PAIN, DISTRESS & PERSONAL CONTROL

本研究的总体目标是检验两种理论解释， 为什么预备感觉/程序信息会减少一些患者 报告在厌恶的医疗/牙科治疗后的痛苦。 这 项目将比较4个认知（信息）的有效性 减轻即时和记忆疼痛/痛苦的策略 根管治疗的方法有哪些？ 知道的 研究的其他目的是比较：1）控制增强 通过检查水平之间的差异， 控制的预期和控制水平之间的实验 组 2)实验操作对感觉的影响 患者报告在令人厌恶的牙科事件期间关注。 3)水平 根管治疗后的可预测性患者报告 患者得到不同类型的准备信息。 4)的 使用两种不同的技术测量疼痛和痛苦（即， 言语描述符量表和视觉描述符量表）。 研究人员认为 程序/感官信息可以显著减少 疼痛和痛苦，一些病人在厌恶医疗/牙科 程序. 然而，这种策略对某些患者有效而对某些患者无效的原因是， 因为其他人并不了解。 一种解释涉及个人 个人控制偏好的差异;这些差异被认为是 来影响这种认知控制策略的治疗效果。 然而，个人控制的概念化， 过去的个人控制研究只强调感知控制（感觉） 然而，该项目团队最近的工作研究了 控制 评估受试者的愿望的额外预测效用 控制以及感知控制已经建立， 初步研究。 该项目建议研究“体内” 个体差异在欲望和情感上的影响 个人牙科控制的痛苦和痛苦，以及测试两个 不同的有效性的可能解释 根管治疗过程中的痛苦和疼痛信息 疗法 最后，本研究对“知情”具有重要意义 同意”。 本研究的数据将提供理论依据 用于包括感觉和程序信息的某些组合。

The overall aim of this research is to test two theoretical explanations as to why preparatory sensory/procedural information lessens some patients report of distress following aversive medical/dental treatment. This project will compare the effectiveness of 4 cognitive (information) strategies in attenuating immediate and remembered pain/distress following root canal treatment when individual preferences for personal control are known. Other aims of the study are to compare: 1) The control enhancing effects of the manipulations by examining the discrepancy between the level of control expected and the level of control felt among the experimental groups. 2) The effect of the experimental manipulations on feelings patients report focusing on during an aversive dental event. 3) The level of predictability patients report following root canal treatment among patients given differing types of preparatory information. 4) The measurement of pain and distress using two different techniques (i.e., Verbal Descriptor Scales and Visual Analogue Scales). Researchers believe that procedural/sensory information can significantly reduce the amount of pain and distress some patients experience during aversive medical/dental procedures. Yet the reasons this strategy works for some patients and not for others are not well understood. One explanation involves individual differences in personal control preference; these differences are believed to influence the therapeutic impact of this cognitive control strategy. The conceptualization of personal control, however, that has emerged from past personal control research has emphasized only perceived control (felt) whereas recent work from this project team has studied the desire for control. The added predictive utility of assessing subjects desire for control as well as perceived control has been established through preliminary studies. This project proposes to study "in vivo" the influence of individual differences in the desire for and feelings of personal dental control on distress and pain as well as testing two possible explanations for the differential effectiveness of procedural/sensory information on distress and pain accompanying root canal therapy. Finally, this research has important implications for "informed consent". Data from this investigation will provide theoretical rationale for including certain combinations of sensory and procedural information.