EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ON CRANIOFACIAL PROPORTIONS

这项研究的重点是调查变异的影响。 全身生长激素对颅面生长、牙齿大小和咬合的影响 模式。将确定生长过程中颅面比例的变化 在产仔对照组和内分泌生长的五个主要模型中 困扰：1)巨型转基因(MT-rGH和L-FABP-hGH)小鼠；2)小 (LIT/LIT)矮小突变小鼠；3)Snell(dw/dw)矮小突变小鼠；4)Ames (df/df矮小突变小鼠；5)侏儒(pg/pg)突变小鼠。这个 这项研究中要检验的一般假设是， 不同颅面大小和形状的试验组和对照组 群体是差异延伸的结果(在转基因巨人中)或 异速生长模式的截断(在突变矮星中) 在相应的对照组观察到。假说也预示着没有 试验组与对照组牙齿大小或咬合模式的变化 组。 这些假设将通过收集一套广泛的 线性颅骨和下颌骨尺寸，加上线性和角度 横截面和纵向生长的射线照相测量 系列片。分析将基于三方分离的大小和 可被描述为一般因素的比例差异(应 总体身体生长和固有的异速生长模式)，组(由于 区域大小差异和异速生长模式)和特殊(反映 与区域或总体大小无关的局部增长解离 影响。 最近生物合成生长激素的成功生产将 大大增加临床干预和治疗的频率 有内分泌发育障碍的个体。具体的后果 生长激素对颅面生长发育的全身和局部模式的影响 与正畸医生、颌面外科医生和其他 参与操作和预测面部各方面的临床医生 成长。相对较少的研究调查的具体影响 关于颅面生长和咬合的内分泌疾病已经完成， 而这五个重要的小鼠模型中没有一个 曾在这方面对拟议的工作进行过严格的研究，更不用说 系统地比较了。这项研究将有助于我们理解 这一重要地区。它还将提供必要和有价值的 为今后这些内分泌疾病小鼠模型的研究奠定基础 颅面生物学，包括更详细的细胞动力学分析， 吸收和沉积的局部模式及其具体影响 实验性荷尔蒙疗法。

This research focuses on the investigation of the effects of variation in systemic growth hormones on craniofacial growth, dental size and occlusal patterns. Craniofacial proportion changes during growth will be determined in littermate control groups and five primary models of endocrine growth disturbance: 1) giant transgenic (MT-rGH and L-FABP-hGH) mice; 2) Little (lit/lit) dwarf mutant mice; 3) Snell (dw/dw) dwarf mutant mice; 4) Ames (df/df dwarf mutant mice; and 5) Pygmy (pg/pg) dwarf mutant mice. The general hypothesis to be tested in this research is that differences in craniofacial size and shape between the various experimental and control groups result from differential extension (in the transgenic giants) or truncation (in the mutant dwarfs) of the patterns of allometric growth observed in the respective control groups. Hypotheses also predict no change in tooth size or occlusal patterns in the experimental vs. control groups. The hypotheses will be tested through collection of an extensive suite of linear craniodental and mandibular dimensions, plus linear and angular radiographic measurements, in both crosssectional and longitudinal growth series. Analyses will be based on a tripartite separation of size and proportion differences into factors that may be described as general (due to overall body growth and inherent allometric patterns), group (due to regional size differences and allometric patterns) and special (reflecting localized growth dissociations independent of regional or general size influences. The recent successful production of biosynthesized growth hormone will greatly increase the frequency of clinical intervention and therapy in individuals with endocrine growth disturbances. The specific ramifications of GH administration for general and local patterns of craniofacial growth are of great relevance to orthodontists, maxillo-facial surgeons and other clinicians involved in manipulating and predicting aspects of facial growth. Comparatively little research investigating the specific effects of endocrinopathies on craniofacial growth and occlusion has been completed, and none of the five important murine models to be examined in this proposed work have ever been rigorously studied in this regard, let alone systematically compared. This research will contribute to our understanding of this important area. It will also provide a necessary and valuable foundation for future research on these murine models of endocrinopathy and craniofacial biology, including more detailed analyses of cell kinetics, localized patterns of resorption and deposition, and the specific effects of experimental hormone therapy.