Antimicrobial resistance in Brazilian pig and poultry production and its contribution to the success of Salmonella serotypes

在家畜中发现的细菌的抗菌素耐药性（AMR）对动物和人类的健康构成严重威胁;家畜中的耐药性感染也具有显著的经济影响。肠道沙门氏菌是猪和家禽中最重要的细菌病原体之一，猪和家禽被认为是人类感染的两个主要宿主。巴西是世界上最大的猪肉和鸡肉生产国和出口国之一，这些行业对该国经济做出了重大贡献。过去10年来，这些生产系统发生了变化，包括大规模强化和在家禽中引入沙门氏菌肠炎疫苗，导致巴西猪和家禽中观察到的沙门氏菌血清型流行率发生了巨大变化。这些变化可能是由抗菌药物的使用和耐药性驱动的，但这个问题尚未得到充分研究。我们提案中概述的研究将调查过去10年从巴西猪和家禽中分离出的沙门氏菌中AMR决定簇的多样性和演变。我们将使用全基因组测序和最先进的长读段测序，结合分子生物学和流行病学，探索AMR在这些人群中成功分离不同沙门氏菌血清型中的作用。该提案代表了英国Quadram生物科学研究所（QIB）的Mather博士与圣保罗大学（USP）的Moreno博士沿着USP的合作者Terezinha Knöbl博士和Luisa Moreno博士之间的新合作。这项研究将解决AMR对巴西牲畜物种构成的巨大健康和经济威胁，这将有助于确定在哪里可以最有效地应用合适的控制策略。

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria found in livestock represent a grave threat to the health of both animals and humans; resistant infections in livestock also have a significant economic impact. Salmonella enterica is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in pigs and poultry, which are thought to be two of the major reservoirs for human infections. Brazil is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of pig and chicken meat, and these industries are significant contributors to the country's economy. Change in these production systems over the last 10 years, including massive intensification and introduction of a Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine in poultry, have led to dramatic shifts in the Salmonella serotype prevalence observed from pigs and poultry in Brazil. These shifts are probably driven by antimicrobial use and resistance, but this issue has not been fully investigated. The research outlined in our proposal will investigate the diversity and evolution of AMR determinants in Salmonella isolated from Brazilian pigs and poultry over the last 10 years. We will use whole genome sequencing, and state-of-the-art long read sequencing, combined with molecular biology and epidemiology to explore the role of AMR in the success of different Salmonella serotypes in these populations. This proposal represents a new collaboration between Dr Mather at Quadram Institute Bioscience (QIB) in the UK, and Dr Moreno at the University of São Paulo (USP), along with collaborators Dr Terezinha Knöbl and Dr Luisa Moreno at USP. This research will tackle the huge health and economic threat posed by AMR to Brazilian livestock species, which will help identify where suitable control strategies could be applied most effectively.