FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF VERTEBRATE VISUAL SYSTEMS

该项目试图了解更多关于视网膜突触的信息， 机制等 特别是，我们正在寻求发现 物质用于特定的突触连接， 这些物质对视网膜细胞的影响 现在人们普遍 认为大脑释放两种基本的物质 突触;启动快速兴奋和 神经细胞中的抑制反应，以及 介导神经细胞中缓慢而持久的事件。 未来五 多年来，这个项目将集中在行动和互动 L-谷氨酸，一种经典的神经递质和多巴胺之间的关系 一种典型的神经调节剂，位于鱼的水平细胞上（白色 鲈鱼）视网膜。 此外，我们亦会研究修改 多巴胺引起的水平细胞间的电连接，因子 在视网膜中释放多巴胺的基础上， 多巴胺对视网膜双极细胞、无长突细胞和神经节细胞的作用。 未来五年计划的具体项目包括： 1)磷酸化在调节谷氨酸- 介导的水平细胞的多巴胺和环 风机放大器 2)水平细胞中谷氨酸单通道的性质和 多巴胺和环磷酸腺苷的调节。 3)水平和水平之间的单间隙连接通道的性质 细胞及其调节多巴胺，环AMP和 磷酸化 4)培养中神经元之间突触的发育。 5)神经活性物质与视神经的作用 刺激视网膜中多巴胺的释放。 6)多巴胺对细胞外记录神经节的影响 细胞和细胞内记录的双极和无长突细胞 视网膜

This project is attempting to learn more about retinal synaptic mechanisms. In particular, we are seeking to discover what substances are used at specific synaptic junctions and what eFfects these substances have on retinal cells. It is now generally believed that two basic types of substances are released at brain synapses; neurotransmitters which initiate fast excitatory and inhibitory responses in neural cells, and neuromodulators which mediate slow, long lasting events in nerve cells. The next five years of this project will focus on the action of, and interaction between, L-glutamate, a classic neurotransmitter and dopamine' a classic neuromodulator, on horizontal cells of the fish (white perch) retina. In addition, we will study the modification of electrical junctions between horizontal cells by dopamine, factors underlying the release of dopamine in the retina' &nd finally, the effects of dopamine on retina bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells. Specific projects planned for the next five years include: 1) The role of phosphorylation in the modulation of glutamate- mediated conductances in horizontal cells by dopamine and cyclic AMP. 2) The nature of single glutamate channels in horizontal cells and their modulation by dopamine and cyclic AMP. 3) The nature of single gap junctional channels between horizontal cells and their modulation by dopamine, cyclic AMP and phosphorylation. 4) The development of synapses between neurons in culture. 5) The effects of neuroactive substances and optic nerve stimulation on dopamine release in the retina. 6) The effects of dopamine on extracellularly recorded ganglion cells and intracellularly recorded bipolar and amacrine cells of the retina.