CIRCADIAN RETINAL MOTILITY ROLE OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES

本研究的目的是研究cAMP的作用， 钙和激素在硬骨鱼光和昼夜节律调节中的作用 视网膜运动 视网膜的运动是由伸长引起的 以及光感受器的收缩和色素颗粒的迁移 的RPE。 它们的作用是定位光感受器和筛选色素， 最佳的白天或夜间视力。 在持续的黑暗中视网膜运动 持续存在;因此，它们似乎受到昼夜节律的调节， 光 我们已经证明，cAMP诱导运动的特点， 光感受器和RPE中的黑暗（夜晚）以及钙是 视锥收缩 在本申请中，我们提出（1）研究 cAMP在促进暗适应性视网膜运动中的作用 暗和cAMP诱导的蛋白磷酸化在RPE和分离的 光感受器片段包含内节和外节（IS/OS）。 这些碎片的内节是能动的。 (2)我们将调查 钙和钙调素在调节视网膜运动中的作用 鉴定钙调素结合蛋白并检测钙依赖性 蛋白磷酸化的RPE和感光细胞IS/OS。（3）我们将 研究光对感光细胞cAMP和cGMP水平的影响 放射免疫法测定IS/OS。 (4)最后，我们将研究 已知影响培养的视网膜运动cAMP水平的激素 视网膜，对RPE和光感受器IS/OS cAMP水平，以及对蛋白质 磷酸化 我们认为从这些研究中获得的信息 将提供线索，这些代理人在调节更普遍的作用， 光感受器和RPE的代谢和生理过程 物种

The objective of this research program is to investigate the roles of cAMP, calcium, and hormones in the light- and circadian-regulation of teleost retinomotor movements. Retinomotor movements are produced by elongation and contraction of photoreceptors and migration of pigment granules within the RPE. They serve to position photoreceptors and screening pigment for optimal day or night vision. In constant darkness retinomotor movements persist; thus they appear to be regulated by circadian rhythm as well as light. We have shown that cAMP induces movements characteristic of darkness (night) in photoreceptors and RPE and that calcium is required for cone contraction. In this application we propose (1) to investigate the role of cAMP in promoting dark-adaptive retinomotor movements by examining dark- and cAMP-induced protein phosphorylation in RPE and in isolated photoreceptor fragments which contain inner and outer segments (IS/OS). The inner segments of these fragments are motile. (2) We will investigate the roles of calcium and calmodulin in regulating retinomotor movements by identifying calmodulin-binding proteins and examining calcium dependent protein phosphorylation in RPE and photoreceptor IS/OS. (3) We will investigate the effects of light on cAMP and cGMP levels in photoreceptor IS/OS by radioimmunoassay. (4) Finally we will examine the effects of hormones known to infuence cAMP levels on retinomotor movements in cultured retinas, on RPE and photoreceptor IS/OS cAMP levels, and on protein phosphorylation. We believe that information obtained from these studies will provide clues to the roles of these agents in regulating more general metabolic and physiological processes of photoreceptors and RPE in all species.