CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PROCESSES IN VISUAL ADAPTATION

在自然观察条件下，物体的颜色和亮度 取决于双眼的神经信号 本研究将探讨 从每只眼睛发出的信号的特性，以及中央机制的特性， 将这些信号联合收割机。 对象很少单独出现，相反，每个对象都是 一个完整的视觉场景，提供了一个上下文，其中对象是 感知 众所周知，物体的颜色和亮度是 受视野中其他物体的光线影响，但知之甚少 关于联合收割机将每只眼睛的信号 关于上下文的信息。 最近的研究结果表明， 以及由双眼融合背景场引起的颜色外观， 由呈现给左眼的一个光和对应的光组成 呈现给右眼，不能用适应来解释。 （a）单独的左眼背景和（B）右眼背景的影响 背景独自 这意味着中枢机制影响正常的 （双眼）色觉的方式，不能观察到使用共同的 只将光线照射到一只眼睛的实验程序。 在这 研究中，两只眼睛将受到刺激，以测试 调节颜色和亮度的神经信号和中枢机制 perception. 上述研究的一个长期目标是提供灵敏可靠的 心理物理技术，以帮助诊断眼疾。 在相关的研究中，将对弱视患者进行大样本研究 检测和量化弱视眼的亮度缺陷， 确定亮度缺陷和已知缺陷之间的关系 在空间和时间视觉上。 两眼间亮度匹配将是 用作弱视眼功能亮度水平的量度。 然后，将测量每只眼睛的空间和时间敏感度， 将非弱视眼的亮度水平设置为与以下相匹配的水平： 弱视眼看到的光的亮度。 这项研究将 确定功能亮度水平可以解释 弱视的时空缺陷。

Under natural viewing conditions, the color and brightness of an object depend on neural signals from both eyes. This research will examine properties of the signals sent from each eye, and of the central mechanisms that combine these signals. Objects seldom are seen in isolation; instead each object is part of a complete visual scene that provides a context in which the object is perceived. It is well known that the color and brightness of an object are affected by light from other objects in view, but very little is known about neural processes that combine each eye's signals that encode information about context. Recent results show that changes in brightness and color appearance caused by a binocularly fused background field, composed of one light presented to the left eye and a corresponding light presented to the right eye, cannot be explained in terms of the adapting effects of (a) the left-eye background alone and (b) the right-eye background alone. This implies that central mechanisms affect normal (two-eyed) color vision in ways that cannot be observed using common experimental procedures that direct lights to only one eye. In this research, both eyes will be stimulated to test fundamental properties of neural signals and central mechanisms that mediate color and brightness perception. A long-term goal of the above research is to provide sensitive and reliable psychophysical techniques to aid in the diagnosis of eye disorders. In a related line of research, a large sample of amblyopes will be studied to detect and quantify brightness deficits in amblyopic eyes, and to determine the relation between brightness deficits and well known deficits in spatial and temporal vision. Interocular brightness matching will be used as a measure of functional luminance level in the amblyopic eye. Then, spatial and temporal sensitivity will be measured in each eye, with the luminance level in the nonamblyopic eye set at a level that matches in brightness the light presented to the amblyopic eye. This research will determine the extent to which functional luminance level can account for spatial and temporal deficits in amblyopia.