Risk-based pedigree-analysis for regulation of prophylactic aquaculture health products and improved smallholder health management in Bangladesh

国内和出口市场对海产品的需求迅速增长，推动了孟加拉国仍以小农为主的水产养殖部门的集约化。确保有效的健康管理已成为小农部门可持续集约化的唯一最重要的挑战，目前正在对抗生素和其他疗法的使用施加越来越多的限制。农民越来越依赖于越来越多的管理不善的预防性保健产品，包括益生菌（有益细菌），它们的来源和功效往往不确定。虽然益生菌通常被视为对水产养殖中“不谨慎”使用抗生素问题的回应，但在之前的BBSRC和DFID资助的项目（IMAQulate项目，Ref: BB/N005082/1）中，益生菌的筛选揭示了许多商业产品的严重问题，包括；无效的活性成分浓度，对人类致病的细菌污染，欺骗性的抗生素掺入，抗菌素耐药基因的存在。此外，许多产品在其作用方式和功效声明方面缺乏可信度。调查结果还指出，作为紧急管理工作的一部分，缺乏有效的抽样方法，导致在筛选工作中无法发现一些问题产品，而质量保证差和不合理索赔的经济负担可能最严重地落在小农身上。为此，该项目开发了一个PHP风险分析工具，帮助用户根据标签信息和其他二级指标识别“高风险”产品。该项目（PEDIGREE）侧重于巴沙鱼和虾类部门的初级保健产品新兴市场，旨在提高对这些问题的认识，以支持孟加拉国改进安全和质量保证监管，并更有效地对小农进行健康管理。为此，该项目将纳入渔业部正在制定的国家卫生管理监管战略，并通过项目非政府组织伙伴孟加拉国实际行动组织建立和运营的农民咨询热线向农民提供益生菌质量和管理咨询。在斯特林大学（英国）的领导下，孟加拉国的其他合作伙伴包括孟加拉国水产养殖产品公司协会（BAPCA）、孟加拉国世界渔业中心（WFC）和孟加拉国农业大学（BAU）。

Rapidly growing demand for seafood products for domestic and export markets is driving intensification of aquaculture sectors still dominated by small-holders in Bangladesh. Ensuring effective health management has become the single most important challenge for sustainable intensification of the smallholder sector just increasing restrictions on use antibiotic and other therapeutants are being imposed. Farmers are increasingly dependent on a proliferating range of poorly regulated prophylactic health products including probiotics (beneficial bacteria), often of uncertain provenance & efficacy. Although probiotics are often viewed as a response to the problem of 'imprudent' antibiotic use in aquaculture, screening of probiotics in a previous BBSRC and DFID funded project (IMAQulate Project, Ref: BB/N005082/1) revealed serious problems with a number of commercial products including; ineffective active ingredient concentrations, contamination with bacteria pathogenic to humans, fraudulent inclusion of antibiotics, presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition many products lack of credibility regarding their mode of action & efficacy claims. Findings also point to a lack of effective sampling approaches as part of emergent regulatory efforts resulting in lack of detection of some problem-products in screening efforts whilst the economic burden of poor quality assurance and unjustified claims is likely to fall most heavily on small-holders. In response the project has developed a PHP risk analysis tool helping users to identify 'high-risk' products based on label-information and other secondary indicators. Focusing on emergent market for PHPs in pangasius and shrimp sectors, this project (PEDIGREE) aims to increase awareness of these issues to support improved regulation for safety and quality assurance in Bangladesh and more effective small-holder health management.To do this the project will feed into a national health management regulatory strategy being developed by the Department of Fisheries as well as providing probiotic quality and management advice to farmers through a farmer advisory hotline established and operated by project NGO partner Practical Action Bangladesh.Lead by the University of Stirling (UK), other partners in Bangladesh include the Bangladesh Aquaculture Product Companies Association (BAPCA), the WorldFish Center Bangladesh (WFC) and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU).