GENE EXPRESSION IN DROSOPHILA

为了了解高等生物中基因表达的机制，我们 研究果蝇的两组协调基因反应：1) 肌肉发生过程中肌肉特异性蛋白的产生和2)“热” 在真核细胞和原核细胞中诱导的“休克”反应 各种环境压力。这两种现象都很有用 用于研究发生的遗传活动种类的实验系统 在真核生物的分化过程中。此外，生肌性 分化本身就是一个重要的发展过程， 热休克反应可能是最基本的机制 所有有机体的细胞在环境条件下达到内稳态 压力。 我们对热休克基因的研究将集中在hsrw基因座上。我们有 表明该基因座与其他热激基因座有很大的不同，在 事实上，来自任何其他已知的基因。我们的结果表明，hsrw基因座 在应激和非应激的情况下都扮演着一般的调节角色 果蝇细胞。我们假设omega1转录本起作用 隔离核因子和omega3转录本在 翻译的过程。关于hsrw的这些假说的实验验证 并提出了相应的功能。如果hsrw具有我们建议的角色，则很可能 其他真核生物将有相同的基因座，并且理解 果蝇基因将使我们能够在其他物种中识别这些基因座。 已经设计了一些实验来寻找该属外的hsrw基因座。 果蝇。 我们对肌肉的研究将集中在两个领域：1)Z波段的研究， 肌原纤维固定细丝并传输的肌原纤维成分 从一个肌节到下一个肌节的紧张。我们现在有了单抗 确定了四个主要的高相对分子质量Z带成分；这些 抗体被用来从表达中克隆相应的基因 图书馆。我们建议获得一套完整的Z-带抗体 并从表达文库中克隆出基因。我们建议获得一个 完整收集Z-带抗体和克隆的基因，并使用这些 肌原纤维的结构和组装分析的探讨 结构；2)粗丝和细丝的蛋白质。我们的研究已经 鉴定了几种果蝇肌原纤维蛋白，它们似乎具有 功能新颖。我们正在研究的两个很有趣，因为它们 果蝇肌肉中的分布。第一个是mp20，它出现在 为同步肌肉所特有。第二个(三个一组 异构体)仅在异步肌中发现。这两种蛋白质都定位于 A乐团。一种可能性是我们的肌肉类型的限制 蛋白质表明在收缩或松弛过程中起作用 肌肉型；对这些蛋白质的进一步研究可能会让我们深入了解 涉及的机制。我们建议对它们进行分子和遗传学研究。 蛋白质和相应的基因。

To understand the mechanisms of gene expression in higher organisms we are studying two sets of coordinated gene responses in Drosophila: 1) the production of muscle-specific proteins in myogenesis and 2) the "heat shock" response induced in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells by a variety of environmental stresses. Both of these phenomena are useful experimental systems for study of the kinds of genetic activity that occur during differentiation in eukaryotes. In addition, myogenic differentiation is an important developmental process in its own right and the heat shock response is perhaps the most fundamental mechanism by which cells of all organisms achieve homeostasis at times of environmental stress. Our studies on heat shock genes will focus on the hsrw locus. We have shown that this locus is very different from other heat shock loci and, in fact, from any other known gene. Our results suggest that the hsrw locus plays a general regulatory role in both stressed and non-stressed Drosophila cells. We hypothesize that the omega1 transcript acts to sequester a nuclear factor and that the omega3 transcript plays a role in the translational process. Experiments to teat these hypotheses about hsrw function are proposed. If hsrw has the role we suggest, it is likely that other eukaryotes will have equivalent loci and that understanding the Drosophila gene will allow us to identify these loci in other species. Experiments have been designed to search for hsrw loci outside the genus Drosophila. Our studies on muscle will focus in two areas: 1) Studies of the Z-band, the myofibrillar component that anchors thin filaments and transmits tension from one sarcomere to the next. We now have monoclonal antibodies that identify four major high molecular weight Z-band components; these antibodies are being used to clone the corresponding genes from expression libraries. We propose to obtain a complete collection of Z-band antibodies and cloned genes from expression libraries. We propose to obtain a complete collection of Z-band antibodies and cloned genes and to use these probes to analyze the structure and assembly of this myofibrillar structure; 2) proteins of thick and thin filaments. Our studies have identified several Drosophila myofibrillar proteins which seem to have novel functions. Two that we are studying are interesting because of their distribution in Drosophila muscle. The first is mp20, which appears specific for the synchronous muscle. The second (a cluster of three isoforms) is found only in asynchronous muscle. Both proteins localize to the A-band. One possibility is that the muscle-type restriction of our proteins indicates a role in the contraction or relaxation process in that muscle-type; further studies on the proteins may give insight into the mechanisms involved. We propose molecular and genetic studies on these proteins and the corresponding genes.