Low cost DNA identification of crop varieties

就土地面积和产量而言，小麦是世界上种植最广泛的经济作物，提供了所有卡路里消耗的19%。全球年产量约为7亿吨，总出口额为460亿美元。在英国，按产量计算，小麦是最重要的作物，产量为1500万吨。与其他谷物相比，小麦缺乏适应全球需求的弹性和增产所需的遗传多样性。除非非常小心和协调地管理种质多样性，否则随着时间的推移，选择性育种不可避免地会进一步减少多样性。不仅在全球，甚至在英国学术界和育种界，完全缺乏标准化的品种鉴定系统，导致种质收集中的鉴定错误，育种者、学者和监管机构之间缺乏互操作性，育种者、学者和监管机构之间缺乏互操作性，这破坏了育种行业引导精英品种杂交并将其迅速推向市场的努力，因为他们都使用不同的遗传标记，或者根本不使用。在这项提案中，我们将通过小麦倡议的协调伞、英国育种部门--通过我们在RAGT的合作伙伴、DSV和英国植物育种者协会的监管框架--与国际小麦界合作，测试和部署一套能够以低成本区分小麦和其他作物品种的最佳遗传标记。在过去的20年里，BBSRC的资助将我们带到了这样一个地步：我们已经能够筛选出数千个六倍体小麦品系，拥有超过3.5万个遗传标记。我们开发了一种算法，能够从这些数据中仅选择29个标记，从而能够区分所有2040个品系。在这个项目中，我们将把这些标记转化为低成本的KASP分析，以便在工业和学术界使用。除了大多数欧洲育种公司外，约翰·英尼斯中心的GRU还包括国家和全球重要的小麦种子库，这确保了我们能够为小麦遗传标记设定基准，并在全球范围内以身作则。我们的网站http://www.cerealsdb.uk.net自2004年以来一直是小麦基因分型数据的主要国际储存库，将用于传播标记数据并托管一个网络工具，用于通过我们的小组识别基因分型的品种。标记系统将免费提供，我们预计，通过广泛采用它作为由饲养员和学者内部运行的标准系统，将产生主要影响。我们还将通过我们久负盛名的布里斯托尔基因组学设施，以非营利性全额经济成本为基础，以每个样本10 GB的总成本提供这项服务(包括DNA提取)。

Wheat is the world's most widely grown commercial crop in terms of land area and yield and supplies 19% of all calories consumed. Global annual production is around 0.7 billion tonnes with a total export value of $46 billion. In the UK, wheat is the most important crop by yield at 15 million tonnes. Compared to other cereals, wheat lacks the genetic diversity required for resilience and yield increases in line with global demands. Unless germplasm diversity is managed with great care and coordination, selective breeding inevitably reduce diversity further over time. Efforts to direct elite variety crosses within the breeding industry and progress these rapidly to market are undermined by a complete lack of standardised varietal identification system, not just globally but even within the UK academic and breeding communities, leading to misidentifications within germplasm collections and a lack of interoperability between and among breeders, academics and regulators, all of whom use different genetic markers or none at all. In this proposal we will engage the international wheat community through the coordination umbrella of the Wheat Initiative, the UK breeding sector - via our partners at RAGT, and DSV and the regulatory framework of the British Society of Plant breeders to test and deploy an optimal set of genetic markers capable of discriminating wheat and other crop varieties at low cost. BBSRC funding over the past 20 years has brought us to the point where we have been able to screen thousands of hexaploid wheat lines with over 35,000 genetic markers. We have developed an algorithm that was able to select just 29 markers from these data that were able to discriminate all 2040 lines. In this project we will convert these markers to low cost KASP assays for use in industry and academia. The inclusion of the national and globally significant seed repository for wheat - the GRU at the John Innes Centre in addition to the majority of European breeding companies ensures that we can set the benchmark for genetic markers for wheat and lead by example globally. Our website, http://www.cerealsdb.uk.net which has been a key international repository for wheat genotyping data since 2004 will be used to disseminate the marker data and host a web tool for identifying varieties genotyped with our panel. The marker system will be made freely available and we anticipate primary impact through its widespread adoption as a standard system run in-house by breeders and academics. We will also offer this as a service at a total cost of £10 per sample (including DNA extraction) through our well-established Bristol Genomics Facility on a non-profit full economic cost basis.