EVOLUTION IN YEAST: POPULATION STRUCTURE AND GENETICS

这项建议的长期目标是了解 无性微生物的进化过程，以及遗传 它们的种群结构。 最近在这一领域的研究表明，无性微生物 种群拥有的遗传复杂性水平远远高于 之前的假设。该项目的具体目标将是 人口演化的影响因素分析 酿酒酵母的结构。我们将重点关注 长期实验室人群中出现的适应性突变。 绝大多数适应性突变体已经 从早期的工作中识别出来，包含它们的样本是 在-70摄氏度的存储中保持。特别是，我们计划a) 分析转座元件和总染色体的作用 重新安排(包括损失)在这些适应性的产生 突变，b)确定它们之间的适应度交互作用，c) 确定人类的起源和血统关系 适应性突变体以了解种群结构如何变化 A进化和d)评估遗传多态的发展 和环境复杂性在简单的实验室人群中 在那里，增长最初受到单一资源的限制。对于 我们的大部分将使用良好的开发和文档 微生物学和分子遗传学技术。 除了对种群遗传学和进化论很重要之外， 这些研究将提供有关进化的重要信息。 以及增殖细胞群体的老龄化。完整的 对细胞增殖和基因变化的理解 细胞所经历的对于许多方面是至关重要的 医学，尤其是癌症治疗和老龄化。

The long term objectives of this proposal are to understand the process of evolution in asexual microorganisms, and the genetic structure of their populations. Recent work in thsi area has revealed that asexual microorganism populations possess a level of genetic complexity far greater than previously supposed. The specific aims of this project will be to analyse the factors influencng the evolution of population stucture in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We will focus on adaptive mutations arising in long-term laboratory populations. The great majority of the adaptive mutants have already been identified from earlier work, and samples containng them are maintained in storage at -70oC. In particular we plan a) to analyse the role of transposable elements and gross chromosomal rearrangements (including loss) in the generation of thes adaptive mutations, b) determine the fitness interactions between them, c) determine the origins and genealogical relationships of the adaptive mutants to understand how population structure changes an evolves and d) assess the development of genetic polymorphism and environmental complexity in simple laboratory populations where growth is limited initially by a single resource. For the most part we will use well developed and documented microbiological and molecular genetic techniques. As well as being important to population genetics an evolution, these studies will provide important information on the evolution and ageing of proliferating cell populations. The complete understanding of cell proliferation and the genetic changes that the cells undergo is critically important to many aspects of medicine, not the least of which are cancer treatment and ageing.