IMAGE ANALYSIS OF STAINED AND UNSTAINED MACROMOLECULES

多瘤病毒及其多形性聚集体SV40病毒的结构， 肌球蛋白亚片段-1和叶绿体细胞色素b6/f复合体将是 采用电子显微镜和图像分析方法进行研究。这些研究 旨在回答有关总体结构、组装、 这些大分子聚集体的稳定性和功能。我们会学到 关于多发性瘤、SV40、肌球蛋白亚段-1、 和细胞色素b6/f，多发性瘤和SV40中的蛋白质-核酸相关性， 和细胞色素b6/f中的蛋白质-脂结合。 这些系统的生物学意义都得到了很好的证明。 多发性肿瘤和SV40不会在其自然宿主(小鼠和 恒河猴)，但它们的致癌潜力在高水平时被揭示出来 浓缩的病毒被注射到外来宿主或自然宿主中 缺乏功能免疫系统的宿主。亚片段-1，头部 肌球蛋白的一部分，负责在肌肉中通过 ATP的水解性及其与肌动蛋白的相互作用。细胞色素b6/f，A 涉及叶绿体类囊体中完整的跨膜复合体 在光合作用和呼吸能量转导方面。 研究这些结构和类似结构的潜力需要继续 努力开发和实施新的电子显微镜技术和 图像分析以及既定程序的应用。 冷冻水化标本的显微镜检查将有助于揭示“原生” 生物分子的结构，以及高效的实现 交互式、计算机图形图像分析例程将允许灵活 以及高效地处理来自更多种类的 复杂性增加的生物系统。

The structures of polyoma virus and its polymorphic aggregates, SV40 virus, myosin subfragment-1, and the chloroplast cytochrome b6/f complex will be studied by electron microscopy and image analysis methods. These studies are aimed at answering questions about the overall structure, assembly, stability, and function of these macromolecular aggregates. We will learn about protein-protein interactions in polyoma, SV40, myosin subfragment-1, and cytochrome b6/f, protein-nucleic acid associations in polyoma and SV40, and protein-lipid associations in cytochrome b6/f. The biological significance of each of these systems is well documented. Polyoma and SV40 do not cause malignancies in their natural hosts (mice and rhesus monkeys), but their oncogenic potential is revealed when high concentrations of virus are injected into either foreign hosts or natural hosts lacking a functional immunological system. Subfragment-1, the head portion of myosin, is responsible for force generation in muscle through the hydrolysis of ATP and interaction with actin. Cytochrome b6/f, an integral membrane-spanning complex in chloroplast thylakoids, is involved in photosynthetic and respiratory energy transduction. The potential to study these and similar structures requires continued efforts to develop and implement new techniques of electron microscopy and image analysis as well as the application of established procedures. Microscopy of frozen-hydrated specimens will help reveal the "native" structure of biological molecules, and implementation of highly interactive, computer graphics image analysis routines will allow flexible and efficient processing of micrographs from a greater variety of biological systems of increased complexity.