Development of a Novel Acoustic Based State-of-Charge Sensor (SOC) for Lithium-Ion Batteries

我们的提案旨在评估将新型微型声学传感器直接嵌入锂离子电池（LIB）结构中的可行性，以提供保留能量或充电状态（SOC）的直接测量。术语SOC定义了电池相对于其额定容量的存储能量水平，通常以百分比（0-100%）表示。到2050年，英国的交通运输愿景必须在使用点实现净零排放。这一要求要求多个部门实现电气化，并使用电池技术取代传统的化石燃料。一个完整的电池系统通常由数百个锂离子电池（lib）组成。制造变化，再加上单个电池之间互连电阻和温差的影响，使得SOC的测量成为一项极具挑战性的任务，而且目前还没有解决方案。当将电池组件扩展到完整的系统（例如电动汽车）时，SOC的不确定性会带来相当大的复杂性和成本。对于未来的全电动飞机来说，这个问题更为严重。监管机构要求，由于这种不确定性，必须以额外电池容量的形式包括冗余，以确保飞机的安全运行。UCL率先将超声成像应用于lib，因为它通过一个相对低成本的平台提供非常快（亚秒）的数据收集。在LIB中部署该技术具有挑战性，需要一种完全不同的方法。该项目将开发一种新的微型声学传感器，可以作为单个传感器或阵列嵌入LIB中，以提供非电化学的SOC测量方法。目的开发和验证一个低轮廓压电传感器如何用作非电化学SOC传感器的概念验证演示。将定义在LIB内部结构中集成传感器的方法，这些方法不会对传感器和电池的操作产生不利影响。本研究对传感器和电池发展的重大科学贡献，包括但不限于：-传感器：能够承受锂离子电池恶劣环境下插入的低调超声波传感器将突出声换能器发展的新机遇。电池监测：在电池内部结构中加入声学传感器将支持新的诊断和预测方法，并将进一步支持电池循环经济的创建。-电池制造：使用嵌入式仪器制造电池的能力有可能为高价值和安全关键型应用创造一种新的“智能电池”分类。电池安全性：随着内部温度和气体压力的变化，能够测量电池的微观结构和SOC，这将突出电池设计的新创新，以及构成电解质、电分离器和电极的材料的选择。

Our proposal aims to assess the feasibility of embedding novel, miniature acoustic sensors directly within the structure of a lithium ion battery (LIB) to provide a direct measure of retained energy or state of charge (SOC). The term SOC defines the level of stored energy in the battery relative to its rated capacity and is often expressed as a percentage (0-100%). ContextThe UK's vision for transport by 2050 must be net-zero at the point of use. This requirement mandates the electrification of multiple sectors and the use of battery technology to replace traditional fossil fuels. A complete battery system will often consist of many hundreds of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) combined electrically. Manufacturing variations, combined with the impact of interconnection resistance and temperature differences between individual batteries makes the measurement of SOC a highly challenging task and one where there is no current solution. SOC uncertainty underpins considerable complexity and cost when scaling-up battery components into complete systems, e.g., for electric vehicles (EVs). The problem is more acute for future all-electric aircraft. Regulatory bodies mandate that because of this uncertainty, redundancy must be included, in the form of additional battery capacity, to ensure safe aircraft operation. UCL has pioneered the use of ultrasound imaging to LIBs, as it provides very fast (sub-second) data collection via a relatively low-cost platform. Deploying the technique within a LIB is challenging and calls for a fundamentally different approach. This project will develop a new miniature acoustic sensor that can be embedded within the LIB as a single sensor or array to provide a non-electrochemical means of SOC measurement. ObjectiveTo develop and validate a proof-of-concept demonstration for how a low-profile piezoelectric transducer can be used as a non-electrochemical SOC sensor. Methods of integrating the sensor within the internal structure of the LIB that do not adversely affect sensor and battery operation will be defined. ApplicationsThe significant scientific contribution of this research to both sensor and battery development, includes but is not constrained too: - Sensor: Low-profile ultrasonic sensors capable of withstanding insertion within the harsh environment of a lithium-ion battery will highlight new opportunities in the development of acoustic transducers. - Battery Monitoring: The inclusion of an acoustic sensor within the internal structure of a battery will underpin new methods of diagnostics and prognostics and will further support the creation of a battery circular economy.- Battery Manufacturing: The ability to manufacture a battery with embedded instrumentation has the potential to create a new classification of 'smart battery' for high-value and safety-critical applications. - Battery Safety: The ability to measure the microstructure and SOC of the battery as internal temperature and gas pressure evolves will highlight new innovations in battery design and the selection of materials that comprise the electrolyte, electrical separator and electrodes.