DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSLOCATION FUNCTIONS IN THE CYTOPLASM

细胞质基质是复杂的细丝网， 微管通过无数的丝桥连在一起。 这种结构和充满水的空间给了细胞质 凝胶般的粘稠度 通常，在动物细胞中， 含有内含物的细胞基质围绕中心呈放射状排列 由两个中心粒和各种相关排列组成 致密体 后者的功能是作为起始位点， 微管的组装和布置。 这些都是骨骼在 功能，并通过与矩阵的物理关联，他们施加 在细胞上形成不对称，并作为细胞的导向物， 胞质颗粒、囊泡等的胞内移位。 通过对这些结构及其行为的研究， 细胞质是一个单位结构， 细胞质：功能和结构成分所占据的细胞质 固定的位置。 本补助金申请中提出的研究旨在 描述了矩阵与 微管 色素细胞，色素着色的细胞，从鱼被使用，部分 因为在活细胞中， 部分是因为完全分化的细胞 沿着微管的轨迹沿着迅速转移色素。 通过 切断黑色素细胞的臂， 含有色素或不含有色素的微细胞，以及 微管 它们可以在体外条件下保存数天。 由于它们没有中心粒， 并由细胞基质内的因子定向。 人们希望 将获得这些因素的一些知识。 同时，建议探索 通过将它们融合到其他类型的细胞中，如NRK细胞， BSC的。 红色素细胞的胞质是保留还是丢失 它们在较大NRK细胞的胞质中的身份？ 实际 他们没有;相反，他们主宰NRK的和扣押的 微管蛋白供自己使用。 预计在 对这一现象和其他现象的进一步探索将提供 进一步深入了解细胞质组织，它是如何实现的 并保持。

The cytoplasmic matrix is a complex meshwork of filaments and microtubules tied together by innumerable filamentous bridges. This structure and the water-filled spaces give to the cytoplasm its gel-like consistency. Ordinarily, in animal cells, the cytomatrix, with inclusions, is organized radially around a center comprising two centrioles and various arrangements of associated dense bodies. The latter function as initiating sites for the assembly and disposition of microtubules. These are skeletal in function and by physical association with the matrix they inflict form asymmetries on the cell and function as guides for the intracellular translocation of cytoplasmic granules, vesicles, etc. From studies of these structures and their behaviour there has come the concept that the cytoplasm is a unit structure or cytoplast in which functional and structural components occupy fixed positions. The studies proposed in this grant request aim to the characterize the relationships between matrix and microtubules. Chromatophores, pigment colored cells, from fish are used, partly because the pigment can be followed easily in the living cell by light microscopy and partly because the fully differentiated cells translocate pigment rapidly along tracks of microtubules. By severing the arms of melanophores it is proposed to generate minicells which contain pigment, or not, and populations of microtubules. They can be kept for days under in vitro conditions. Since they have no centrioles their microtubules are assembled and oriented by factors within the cytomatrix. It is hoped that some knowledge of these factors will be acquired. At the same time, it is proposed to explore the properties of cytoplasts by fusing them into other types of cells such as NRK's and BSC's. Do the cytoplasts of red pigment cells retain or lose their identity in the cytoplasms of larger NRK cells? Actually they don't; rather they dominate the NRK's and sequester the tubulin of the rat cell for their own use. It is expected that further exploration of this and other phenomena will provide further insight into cytoplasmic organization, how it is achieved and maintained.