VISUAL ANTICIPATION AND EXPECTATION IN EARLY INFANCY

这个应用程序探索预期和期望的发展 对于早期婴儿期的视觉事件。视觉注视被记录到索引中 期待和期待的存在。我们的方法是用红外线 视觉注视的角膜和视网膜反射视频记录 序列。通过分析婴儿的视觉扫描记录和 得出的眼动参数，我们可以推断一个婴儿是否 可以在事件发生之前就预测到它的发生。或者， 通过检查婴儿的潜伏期来对可预测的 非预期事件(与控制条件相比)，我们可以 确定宝宝是否已经对这些事件产生了期望。 有15项实验计划在人类婴儿身上进行，这些婴儿的年龄从1岁到 九个月大。这些实验组织在五个主要方面 印度红葡萄酒。首先，提出了发育问题：婴儿多大年龄？ 能够形成对可视事件的预期和/或预期， 这种能力是否逐月保持稳定？第二，我们要求 婴儿使用什么信息来形成时空预期；空间， 时间和身份都被考虑在内。第三，我们关注的是 期望的信息是编码的--是根据规则还是行动？ 第四，我们考察了规则复杂性增加对 预期的形成。最后，我们问一问是如何形成的 视觉领域的期望与其他领域的类似过程有关 域名。这项研究对于我们理解 发展面向未来的进程。拟议的研究还可能 对于评估婴儿期的认知状况很重要。

This application explores the development of anticipation and expectation for visual events in early infancy. Visual fixations are recorded to index the presence of anticipation and expectation. Our method employs infrared corneal and retinal-reflection video recording of visual fixation sequences. Through analysis of the infant's visual scanning records and derived eye-movement parameters, we draw inferences about whether a baby can anticipate the occurrence of an event before it occurs. Alternatively, by examining the baby's latency to respond to predictable but nonanticipated events (in comparison to control conditions), we can determine whether the baby has developed an expectation for those events. Fifteen experiments are proposed with human infants who range from one to nine months of age. These experiments are organized under five major rubrics. First, developmental questions are asked: At what age are babies capable of developing anticipations and/or expectations for visual events, and is there month-to-month stability in this capability? Second, we ask what information babies use to form spatiotemporal expectations; space, time and identity are considered. Third, we are concerned with how the information for expectations is coded -- in terms of rules or action? Fourth, we look at the effects of increasing rule complexity on the formation of expectations. Finally, we ask how the formation of expectations in the visual domain is related to similar processes in other domains. This research is important for our understanding of the development of future-oriented processes. The proposed research may also be important for assessing cognitive status in infancy.