COORDINATION OF POSTURE AND ARM MOVEMENTS

描述(改编自研究人员摘要)：长期目标 这个应用程序的关键是确定神经系统如何协调 有手臂动作的姿势。当人类移动并与 环境，环境施加的反作用力 身体必须被容纳。这些力量可以改变人类的姿态 身体和，因此，改变了动作的准确性。什么时候 运动本身(以及它们可能与 环境)即将被执行，神经系统作用于 通过收缩相关的姿势肌肉来预测这些反作用力 在收缩肌肉之前，肌肉将实际执行 打算采取的具体行动。这种姿势活动被称为 “预见性姿势调整”，这是执行 许多正常的日常动作。 调查人员提议进行三组实验，以 更好地了解神经系统是如何控制 身体同时移动手臂时的姿势。每套 实验解决了一个特定的目标：(1)检查动觉如何 输入用于确定预期姿势后等待多长时间 在不熟悉的机械动作中，活动开始触发手臂动作 环境。这将涉及神经学上完好无损的受试者 以及患有多发性硬化症的研究对象。(2)确定紧张程度如何 系统学会在不熟悉的情况下协调姿势和手臂动作 机械环境。这将只涉及神经学上的完整 研究对象。(3)检查神经系统如何组织肌肉 在有针对性且可能是有目的的手臂运动期间的活动(仅 正常受试者将参与)。据称，这些实验 不仅揭示了相对未被探索的运动领域 控制，但也可能导致一些运动障碍的更好治疗， 控制假肢，以及在 外层空间的微重力。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from investigator's abstract): The long-term goal of this application is to determine how the nervous system coordinates posture with arm movements. When man moves and interacts with the environment, the reaction forces that the environment exerts back on the body must be accommodated. These forces can change the posture of the body and, consequently, alter the accuracy of the movements. When movements themselves (and their possible interaction with the environment) are about to be executed, the nervous system acts to anticipate these reaction forces by contracting related postural muscles prior to contracting the muscles that will actually carry out the intended specific action. This postural activity has been termed "anticipatory postural adjustments", and it is essential for carrying out many normal, everyday movements. The investigators propose to carry out three sets of experiments to develop a better understanding of how the nervous system controls the posture of the body while it simultaneously moves the arm. Each set of experiments addresses a specific aim: (1) To examine how kinesthetic input is used to determine how long to wait after anticipatory postural activity begins to trigger arm movements in an unfamiliar mechanical environment. This will involve subjects who are neurologically intact and subjects with multiple sclerosis. (2) To determine how the nervous system learns to coordinate posture and arm movements in an unfamiliar mechanical environment. This will involve only neurologically intact subjects. (3) To examine how the nervous system organizes muscle activity during targeted, and presumably purposeful, arm movements (only normal subjects will participate). It is claimed that these experiments will not only shed light on relatively unexplored areas of movement control, but may also lead to better treatment of some motor disorders, controlling limb prostheses, as well as moving accurately in the microgravity of outer space.