ANTECEDENTS OF THE TYPE A BEHAVIOR PATTERN

我们正在进行的研究计划的主要目标是：（a）确定 儿童A型行为的早期出现和稳定， 相关的心理生理反应的压力，这被认为是 是成人冠状动脉疾病的危险因素;以及（B）具体说明 他们的决定因素，强调家庭因素。 接下来是我们四个 研究的步骤将建立在以前的发现基础上，但也会偏离 在战略和分析水平上的先前努力。 首先，估计 敌意的稳定性，愤怒的表达，和压力引起的心血管疾病 我们建议在一九八八至九○年度内，最多测试217个 1983年至1985年对儿童进行了这些方面的测试。 第二、 因为几乎没有关于成人或儿童的有效性的数据， 敌意和愤怒表达的问卷/访谈测量，以及 实验室应激诱导的心血管反应，我们计划比较 这些措施，概念上相关的行为和心理生理 在50名儿童之间的冲突互动中表现出的反应， 100个成年人 第三，在217名儿童和260名成人的潜在样本中， 我们希望验证行为和心理生理学 1983-85年测量的属性预测了1983-85年测量的偶然血压， 1990-92年，控制初始偶然血压。 第四，我们建议 来描述50个家庭的行为模式， 心理生理反应在相互作用，其中冲突和 并将这些模式与儿童的 敌意和愤怒表达方式 分析。 这项研究试图纠正一个主要的概念， 既往在成人和儿童中的A型糖尿病研究失败 行为及其相关的心理生理反应， 对这些现象的研究超越了成就的范围， 社会互动中，概念上相关的人类情感，如 愤怒，发生。

The major aims of our ongoing research program have been: (a) to identify the early emergence and stability of children's Type A behaviors and their associated psychophysiological responses to stress, which are considered to be risk factors for coronary artery disease in adults; and (b) to specify their determinants, with an emphasis on familial factors. Our four next steps in research will build on previous findings, but also depart from previous efforts in strategy and level of analysis. First, to estimate the stability of hostility, anger expression, and stress-induced cardiovascular responses in childhood, we propose to test in 1988-90 a maximum of 217 children, who have been tested on these dimensions in 1983-85. Second, because few data are available in adults or children on the validity of questionnaire/interview measures of hostility and anger expression, and laboratory stress-induced cardiovascular responses, we plan to compare those measures to conceptually relevant behaviors and psychophysiological responses exhibited during conflictual interactions amongst 50 children and 100 adults. Third, in a potential sample of 217 children and 260 adults, we wish to test the hypothesis that behavioral and psychophysiological attributes measured in 1983-85 predict casual blood pressure measured in 1990-92, controlling for initial casual blood pressure. Fourth, we propose to characterize in 50 families the patterns of behaviors and psychophysiological responses during interactions in which conflict and disagreement occur and to relate those patterns to children's level of hostility and mode of anger expression in both concurrent and longitudinal analyses. The proposed research attempts to correct a major conceptual failing in previous investigations in adults and children of Type A behaviors and their associated psychophysiological responses by extending studies of these phenomena beyond the context of achievement to important social interactions in which conceptually relevant human emotions, like anger, do occur.