INTelligent Energy awaRe NETworks (INTERNET)

节能流程日益成为信息通信技术公司的关键优先事项，同时关注生态和经济驱动因素。虽然在某些情况下，信通技术的使用可能有利于环境（例如减少旅行和采用更有效的业务流程），但各国越来越意识到电信公司能源消耗的巨大增长。例如，2007年英国电信消耗了英国总用电量的0.7%。特别是，预测未来连接设备数量的增长，以及一两个数量级的互联网带宽，如果导致能源消耗的相应增长，是不现实的。因此，法规可能很快就会出台，特别是如果政府要求朝着碳中和的方向发展的话。因此，申请人认为，该提案对于寻求建立由于已知的环境问题对信息和通信技术性能的当前限制，然后开发新的信息和通信技术以提供增强的性能非常重要。他们特别相信，通过创新地使用可再生能源，以及在硬件上运行的新架构、协议和算法的开发，可以实现实质性的进步，这本身就可以显著减少能源消耗。这将大大偏离为满足日益增长的需求而提供信息和通信技术服务的公认做法，而不考虑供需相对位置的能源后果。因此，在本项目中，我们创新性地提出考虑ICT服务的优化动态布局，同时考虑到生产者和消费者不同的能源成本。当今网络的能源消耗通常高度局限于交换和路由中心。因此，在该项目中，我们将考虑为最佳可再生能源供应而选择的中心之间的数据块传输，因为电力传输损失通常会使电力运输到城市（城市中的数据中心/交换节点）失去吸引力。太阳能和风能等可变可再生能源给信息通信技术安装和网络设计带来了新的挑战，因此，本项目还将研究块数据路由器灵活功耗的创新方法，以解决这一影响。我们从三个方面解决这一挑战：(i)我们寻求通过解决在生产者和消费者之间放置计算和通信资源的优化问题来设计新一代ICT基础设施架构，同时（随时间变化）限制最小化能源成本。在这里，架构将利用可用的新硬件来实现低能耗操作。（ii）我们寻求设计新的协议和算法，使通信系统能够根据用户需求和能源可用性调整其速度和功耗。（iii）我们建立在硬件的最新进展，允许数据块路由在大大降低能量水平的电子技术和确定硬件配置（首次使用芯片监控），以支持这些动态的能量和通信需求。在这里，将开发新的网络组件，例如利用最近在开发低功耗路由硬件方面取得的重大进展，在ns块交换时间内，路由功率水平约为1 mW/Gb/s。为了确保成功，不同的公司将发挥他们的专业知识：英国电信、爱立信、新西兰电信、思科和BBC将在支持网络架构的开发方面发挥关键作用，提供实验支持和流量跟踪，并帮助标准开发。Solarflare、Broadcom、Cisco和BBC将支持我们的协议和智能流量解决方案。Avago、Broadcom和Oclaro将在硬件开发中发挥关键作用。

Energy efficient processes are increasingly key priorities for ICT companies with attention being paid to both ecological and economic drivers. Although in some cases the use of ICT can be beneficial to the environment (for example by reducing journeys and introducing more efficient business processes), countries are becoming increasingly aware of the very large growth in energy consumption of telecommunications companies. For instance in 2007 BT consumed 0.7% of the UK's total electricity usage. In particular, the predicted future growth in the number of connected devices, and the internet bandwidth of an order of magnitude or two is not practical if it leads to a corresponding growth in energy consumption. Regulations may therefore come soon, particularly if Governments mandate moves towards carbon neutrality. Therefore the applicants believe that this proposal is of great importance in seeking to establish the current limits on ICT performance due to known environmental concerns and then develop new ICT techniques to provide enhanced performance. In particular they believe that substantial advances can be achieved through the innovative use of renewable sources and the development of new architectures, protocols, and algorithms operating on hardware which will itself allows significant reductions in energy consumption. This will represent a significant departure from accepted practices where ICT services are provided to meet the growing demand, without any regard for the energy consequences of relative location of supply and demand. In this project therefore, we propose innovatively to consider optimised dynamic placement of ICT services, taking account of varying energy costs at producer and consumer. Energy consumption in networks today is typically highly confined in switching and routing centres. Therefore in the project we will consider block transmission of data between centres chosen for optimum renewable energy supply as power transmission losses will often make the shipping of power to cities (data centres/switching nodes in cities) unattractive. Variable renewable sources such as solar and wind pose fresh challenges in ICT installations and network design, and hence this project will also look at innovative methods of flexible power consumption of block data routers to address this effect. We tackle the challenge along three axes: (i) We seek to design a new generation of ICT infrastructure architectures by addressing the optimisation problem of placing compute and communication resources between the producer and consumer, with the (time-varying) constraint of minimising energy costs. Here the architectures will leverage the new hardware becoming available to allow low energy operation. (ii) We seek to design new protocols and algorithms to enable communications systems to adapt their speed and power consumption according to both the user demand and energy availability. (iii) We build on recent advances in hardware which allow the block routing of data at greatly reduced energy levels over electronic techniques and determine hardware configurations (using on chip monitoring for the first time) to support these dynamic energy and communications needs. Here new network components will be developed, leveraging for example recent significant advances made on developing lower power routing hardware with routing power levels of approximately 1 mW/Gb/s for ns block switching times. In order to ensure success, different companies will engage their expertise: BT, Ericsson, Telecom New Zealand, Cisco and BBC will play a key role in supporting the development of the network architectures, provide experimental support and traffic traces, and aid standards development. Solarflare, Broadcom, Cisco and the BBC will support our protocol and intelligent traffic solutions. Avago, Broadcom and Oclaro will play a key role in the hardware development.