OPIOID PEPTIDES AND THE CNS REGULATION OF HYDRATION

据推测，阿片肽在中枢神经系统发挥调节血液的作用 压力和水合作用。提出了两个行动地点。一开始， 在神经垂体中，阿片肽被认为是：1)促进 失血性休克时血管加压素(VP)的优先释放 抑制催产素释放促进优先脱水 催产素在分娩和哺乳过程中的释放抑制 副总统的。这一假说将在体内和体外使用阿片类药物进行验证。 受体拮抗剂，纳洛酮。纳洛酮对血管内皮细胞[VP]和血管紧张素Ⅱ的影响 血浆和神经叶中的[oxitocin]将在下列情况下用RIA测定 安慰剂刺激清醒大鼠神经垂体激素的分泌 分娩与血浆和脑脊液中[氯化钠]浓度的升高 (脑脊液)、尼古丁、卡巴胆碱、组胺和雌二醇。鸦片类药物的位置 在神经突起中的作用将在体外研究使用 体外培养完整的下丘脑-神经下丘脑系统(HNS) 下丘脑和垂体后叶部分，或者在相同的 车厢，或在单独的房间里。渗透压释放的催产素和VP 阿片类药物阻断后对培养中HNS的刺激作用进行比较 受体与纳洛酮在整个外植体或仅在下丘脑或 脑垂体侧。第二个位置提出了阿片肽调节的位置 血液压力和水合作用存在于脑室周围结构中，包括 穹隆下器、终板血管器、脉络膜 III脑室内排列着神经丛和室管膜细胞。有建议说 阿片肽在这些部位起作用，抑制饮酒并释放血管紧张素Ⅱ 通过影响可能的Na受体Na，K-ATPase。阿片类药物的作用 多肽对Na，K-ATPase活性的影响将通过定量测定 已知刺激后室周结构的细胞化学 调节中枢神经系统控制血压和水合作用的机制。它是 提出阿片肽对这些系统的异常调制是 参与了高血压的发展。因此，中国政府的回应 自发性高血压大鼠及其正常血压对照组将被 在不同年龄进行比较以确定纳洛酮是否改变：a)优先 体内脱水过程中VP和催产素的释放 渗透刺激的VP和催产素的释放 HNS的下丘脑或垂体侧外植体的体外培养。

It is postulated that opioid peptides act in the CNS to regulate blood pressure and hydration. Two sites of action are proposed. At the first site, in the neurohypophysis, opiod peptides are postulated to: 1) promote the preferential release of vaso-pressin (VP) during hemorrhage and dehydration by supressing release of oxytocin and promote the preferential release of oxytocin during parturition and sucklilng by inhibiting release of VP. The hypothesis will be tested in vivo and in vitro using an opiate receptor antogonist, naloxone. The effect of naloxone on [VP] and [oxitocin] in plasma and the neural lobe will be determined by RIA when secretion of neurohypophysial hormones is stimulated in conscious rats by parturition, increased tonicity of plasma and [NaCl] in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nicotine, carbachol, histamine and estradiol. The site of opiate action in the neurophypophysis will be studied in vitro using explants of the intact hypothalamo-neurohypohysial system (HNS) cultured with the hypothalamic and posterior pituitary portions, either in the same compartment, or in separate chambers. Oxytocin and VP released by osmotic stimulation of the HNS in cluture will be compared after blocking opiate receptors with naloxone in the whole explant or only on the hypothalamic or pituitary side. The second site proposed where opioid peptides regulate blooc pressure and hydration is in circumventricular structures including the subfornical organ, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, choroid plexus and ependymal cells lining the III cerebroventricle. It is proposed that opiod peptides act at these sites to inhbit drinking and release af VP by affecting Na, K ATPase, the putative Na receptor. The effect of opioid peptides on the activity of Na, K ATPase will be measured by quantitative cytochemistry in thse circumventricular structures after stimuli known to regulate CNS mechanisms controlling blood pressure and hydration. It is proposed that abnormal modulation of these systems by opioid peptides is involved in the development of hypertension. Therefore, responses of spontaneously hypertnesive rats with their normotnesive controls will be compared at various ages to determine if naloxone alters: a) preferential release of VP and oxytocin during dhydration, in vivo and b) osmotic-stimulated release of VP and oxytocin when applied to either the hypothalamic or pituitary side of HNS explants in vitro.