PULMONARY RECEPTOR REFLEXES--BRAINSTEM CIRCUITRY

呼吸由一个复杂的神经系统控制， 中枢神经内呼吸模式发生器的活动 系统被各种外周感觉机制改变 （化学感受器和机械感受器）和中央反馈回路。 进展 在理解这种神经网络在健康和 疾病需要更深入地了解细胞成分和细节 它们之间的联系 研究重点集中在中央 不同肺感受器的通路（缓慢适应拉伸 受体，肺快速适应受体，肺和 支气管C纤维）以及这些信息产生的方式 受体影响脑干神经元的活动， 通气的大小和时间以及气道直径。 的 将使用微刺激和 电生理记录技术。 轴突的投射 肺牵张感受器的二级中继细胞将被追踪到 已知脑干的其他区域含有受肺影响的细胞， 膨胀，包括延髓的重要呼气区域和 脑桥的区域，可能在神经发生中起重要作用， 呼吸正常 尽管快速适应受体与许多 反射与病理状态，没有什么是已知的 它们的中继神经元的特征。 被确定为含有 将探索快速适应受体的精细末端， 神经元的放电与快速适应的激活有关， 受体。 气管中缓慢适应的伸展感受器 在咳嗽的产生中起着重要作用。 没有什么是 已知它们的中枢投射或中继神经元。 突出部 将通过逆向映射技术和中继 通过微电极记录识别细胞。 强有力的证据表明 来自肺和支气管C纤维的信息在肺纤维化中是重要的。 在正常和病理条件下控制呼吸， 最近被提前了。 它们的投射和中继神经元 受体尚未被鉴定。 这将由逆向 绘图和微电极记录。 知识的联系和 肺反射神经元的行为， 气道受体应该有助于了解它们在呼吸道疾病中的作用。 控制正常和紊乱状态下的呼吸功能。

Respiration is controlled by a complex neural system in which the activities of respiratory pattern generators within the central nervous system are modified by a variety of peripheral sensory mechanisms (chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors) and central feedback loops. Progress in understanding the operation of this neuronal network in both health and disease requires greater insight into the cellular components and details of how they are connected. The proposed research focuses on the central pathways of the different pulmonary receptors (slowly adapting stretch receptors, pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors, and pulmonary and bronchial C-fibers) and the way that information arising from these receptors affects the activity of neurons in the brainstem and thus the magnitude and timing of ventilation, as well as airway diameter. The central pathways will be studied using both microstimulation and electrophysiological recording techniques. The axonal projections of the second order relay cells for pulmonary stretch receptors will be traced to other areas of the brainstem known to contain cells affected by lung inflation, including the important expiratory areas of the medulla and a region of the pons that may play an important role in the neurogenesis of eupnea. Although rapidly adapting receptors have been implicated in many reflexes associated with pathological states, nothing is known about the characteristics of their relay neurons. Areas identified as containing fine terminals of rapidly adapting receptors will be explored to find neurons whose firing is related to the activation of rapidly adapting receptors. The slowly adapting stretch receptors of the trachea have been implicated as being important in the generation of coughing. Nothing is known about their central projections or relay neurons. The projections will be determined by the technique of antidromic mapping and the relay cells identified by microelectrode recordings. Strong evidence that information from pulmonary and bronchial C-fibers is important in the control of respiration in both normal and pathological conditions has recently been advanced. The projections and relay neurons of these receptors have not been identified. This will be determined by antidromic mapping and microelectrode recordings. Knowledge of the connections and behaviors of the neural elements subserving reflexes from pulmonary and airway receptors should contribute to understanding their roles in the control of respiratory function in normal and disordered states.