Overcoming Capacity Constraints - A Simulation Integrated with Optimisation for Nodes (OCCASION)

CANCE项目将南安普顿大学在铁路模拟和控制方面的专业知识(运输研究小组)与运筹学方面的更一般专业知识(运筹学、管理科学和信息系统中心)结合在一起。该项目将通过审查技术改进和业务变革的范围，确定和评估克服节点能力限制的创新办法。虽然重点是建模，但它也将涵盖技术和操作问题。这将包括审查增量变化，如改进的点设计、信号间隔和重叠的变化，但也包括更根本的变化，包括来自其他模式的概念(例如智能速度适应)和放宽路线/计划的规则。我们将采取分层的方法，检查西南主线上日益复杂的节点，然后制定雷丁站及其方法的详细案例研究。我们的方法将由四个主要要素组成。首先，我们将提供最先进的审查，其中将审查节点容量问题迄今在英国和海外是如何解决的。我们还将研究由TRIZ方法论和一般系统论提出的创新问题解决的系统方法。其次，我们将开发一个基于铁路系统的通用中层模型和模拟工具，它将确定列车路线和时刻表、中断和反应性延误的程度以及节点能力利用率的衡量标准。第三，我们将通过将生产调度技术应用于铁路调度，并通过专门研究转移瓶颈程序和局部搜索方法，来开发微观级别的优化。第四，我们将使用之前应用于铁路货运的技术，通过使用多商品整数规划公式来检查成本与服务质量之间的权衡，从而整合模拟和优化模型。这将用于确定最有效的技术解决方案(包括信号、道口和道口的改进)和业务解决方案(包括动态交通管理)。在承担这项工作时，我们将得到我们的工业合作伙伴奥雅纳(运营)和Balfour Beatty Rail(技术)的协助。奥雅纳还将使用军团模拟模型来确定车站内的行人活动可能会在多大程度上限制通过车站的列车调度。我们的主要产出将是原型软件工具，这些工具将评估节点能力可以提高的程度。这可能随后适用于国家铁路网上的其他瓶颈。还将编写一份关于克服节点能力限制的措施的咨询指南。

The OCCASION project brings together the University of Southampton's expertise in railway simulation and control (Transportation Research Group) with more generic expertise in operational research (Centre for Operational Research, Management Science and Information Systems). This project will identify and assess innovative approaches to overcoming nodal capacity constraints by examining the scope for technological improvements and operational changes. Although the emphasis is on modelling, it will also cover technological and operational issues. This will include examination of incremental changes, such as improved design of points, changes in signal spacing and overlaps, but also more radical changes including concepts from other modes (e.g. intelligent speed adaptation) and a relaxation of the Rules of the Route/Plan. We will adopt a layered approach by examining nodes of increasing complexity on the South West Main Line before developing a detailed case study of Reading station and its approaches. Our methodology will consist of four main elements. Firstly, we will provide a state of the art review which will examine how nodal capacity problems have been tackled to date in Britain and overseas. We will also examine systematic approaches to innovative problem solving, as proposed by the TRIZ methodology and general systems theory. Second, we will develop a generic meso-level model and simulation tool, based on RailSys, which will determine train routeings and schedules, levels of disruption and reactionary delay and measures of capacity utilisation at nodes. Third, we will develop a micro-level optimisation by applying production scheduling techniques to rail scheduling, and by specifically investigating shifting bottleneck procedures and local search approaches. Fourth, we will integrate the simulation and optimisation models by using a multi-commodity integer programming formulation to examine cost versus service quality trade-offs, using techniques we have previously applied to rail freight. This will be used to determine the most effective technological solutions (including enhancements to signalling, switches and crossings) and operational solutions (including dynamic traffic management). In undertaking this work, we will be assisted by our industrial partners, Arup (operations) and Balfour Beatty Rail (technology). Arup will also use the Legion simulation model to determine the extent that pedestrian movements within the station may constrain the scheduling of trains through the station. Our key outputs will be prototype software tools that will assess the extent to which nodal capacity can be increased. This could be subsequently applied to other bottlenecks on the National Rail network. An advice guide would also be produced on measures to overcome capacity constraints at nodes.