BREEDING BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF MONOGAMOUS PRIMATES

这个项目继续检查荷尔蒙和行为基础 棉顶绢毛猴的成功繁殖 我们已经开发 收集尿样的无压力技术， 进行激素分析 我们将开发尿孕酮的测定方法， 睾酮补充雌激素和促黄体生成素测定 已经开发。 这些激素测定将用于 以下项目：（1）通过排卵测定激素水平 和妊娠：将从6只雌性动物中采集每日尿样， 通过随后的分娩和怀孕进行分娩。 这将 提供了第一个完整的日常激素表征的整个 繁殖周期在绢毛猴，是可能的，由于非压力 采集技术 初步结果表明，女性经历 只有一个排卵产后再次怀孕之前， 这些动物的妊娠期比以前长得多 疑似 (2)社会避孕：雌性绢毛猴在一个下属 在一个更占主导地位的女性面前，角色无法排卵，但很快 当从一个家庭群体中取出并与他们的配偶放在一起时， 自己的. 激素和行为测量将在 家庭组，然后从组中删除。 配对后 有了配偶，一半的雌性会每天接受气味的转移， 从母亲的笼子里标记，以确定母亲的气味标记是否 社会避孕的原因。 (3)行为发情：多次 作家们推测，一夫一妻制的女性使用隐藏排卵， 一种欺骗雄性留下的策略 已经证明难以 在绒猴和绢毛猴中发现明显的发情迹象，但没有研究 戴特同时进行了行为和荷尔蒙测量。 我们 建议对女性进行几次排卵期的行为观察 周期，同时每天对这些动物进行尿样采集， 确定是否存在行为关联。 这样的关联将是 在圈养繁殖这些动物方面有很大的用处。 (4)曲名：Little Is 已知的荷尔蒙和行为反应老化的一夫一妻制 灵长类动物 我们有一些相当老的绢毛猴，将检查他们的荷尔蒙 在纵向研究中。 (5)男性荷尔蒙和行为：没有工作 在绢毛猴的雄性激素成熟期， 与父亲在一起时，生殖受到抑制。 我们将研究 雄性绢毛猴生殖成熟的激素和行为。

This project continues the examination of the hormonal and behavioral bases for successful reproduction in the cotton-top tamarin. We have developed non-stressful techniques for collecting urine samples which can then be analyzed for hormones. We will develop assays for urinary progesterone and testosterone to supplement the assays for estrogens and luteinizing hormone already developed. These hormonal assays will then be used in the following projects: (1) Determination of hormonal levels through ovulation and pregnancy: Daily urine samples will be collected from six females from partuition through the subsequent partuition and pregnancy. This will provide the first complete daily hormonal characterization of an entire reproductive cycle in a tamarin and is possible due to the nonstressful collecting technique. Preliminary results indicate that females experience only one ovulation post-partum before becoming pregnant again, and that gestation is much longer in these animals than had previously been suspected. (2) Social contraception: Female tamarins in a subordinate role fail to ovulate in the presence of a more dominant female, yet quickly ovulate when removed from a family group and placed with a mate of their own. Hormonal and behavioral measurements will be made of females in family groups and then after removal from the group. Following pairing with a mate, half of the females will receive daily transfers of scent marking from their mother's cages to determine if maternal scent marking is the cause of the social contraception. (3) Behavioral estrus: Several writers have speculated that monogamous females use concealed ovulation as a tactic to deceive males to stay with them. It has proven difficult to find obvious signs of estrus in marmosets and tamarins, but not study to date has made simultaneous behavioral and hormonal measurements. We propose to take behavioral observations of females for several ovulatory cycles while taking daily urine samples on those same animals in order to determine if there is a behavioral correlate. Such a correlate would be of great use in the captive breeding of these animals. (4) Aging: Little is known of the hormonal and behavioral responses to aging in monogamous primates. We have some quite old tamarins and will examine their hormonal status in a longitudinal study. (5) Male hormones and behavior: No work has been done on male hormonal maturation in tamarins, yet males also show an inhibition of reproduction while with their fathers. We will study hormonal and behavior reproductive maturation in male tamarins.