EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMATE SPEECH ANALOGUES

我们对灵长类自然发声交流系统的研究 寻求在动物交流和动物的某些方面之间建立联系 人类的言语和语言。这项建议的重点涉及(1) 语音交流的个体发育研究包括结构和结构两方面 可接受的组件。我们正在完成对声乐的纵向研究 侏儒从婴儿期到成年期接触电话的发展 我们现在能够研究这些动物的后代。我们 研究发生的联系电话在结构和使用方面的变化 伴随着发展。我们将了解Call在 以确定这些个体的后代是否有发音相似之处 在父母和后代之间。罗望子鱼中的长叫声的功能很像 在鸟类中歌唱，我们将研究长鸣结构发生的变化 用棉顶罗望子性成熟来确定是否有 通话结构与荷尔蒙变化的关系。(2)。的研究 侏儒绒猴和棉顶罗望子会进行参照交流 重点关注与食物有关的电话。与食物相关的比率 当动物被赠送各种食物时，将对呼叫进行评估 和非食品项目，以确定这些呼吁的特异性。个体 对不同食物类型的偏好将与他们的 偏好评级，以确定呼叫是否只是表示激励 州政府。有关这些召唤的功能的研究将由 向个人展示其他小组成员看不到的食物 并确定是否有人拨打电话以及其他人如何响应。(3) 涉及警报合成的句法或二元性研究 似乎是构造出来的侏儒绒猴的叫声和联系叫声 从相似的元素以不同的模式排列。(4)研究 将对棉顶罗望鱼的社会互动交流进行研究 在配对形成过程中和之后配对键合良好 已经成立了。这些研究的结果应该对我们的 理解复杂的语音交流学习的演变 人类的言语和语言。我们之前的研究提出了一些新的 研究人类言语和语言的方法。最终的结果是 将有助于支持这样一种观点，即语音交流、语音和 语言是社交互动的过程，在适当的社交场合 环境和社会反应对收购和 称职的成人表演。

Our research program on the natural vocal communication systems of primates seeks to develop parallels between animal communication and aspects of human speech and language. The focal points of this proposal involve (1) Studies of ontogeny of vocal communication involving both structural and receptive components. We are completing longitudinal studies of vocal development from infancy through adulthood of contact calls in pygmy marmosets, and we are now able to study the offspring of these animals. We study the changes in both structure and usage of contact calls that occur with development. We will look at the development of calls in the offspring of these individuals to determine if there are vocal similarities between parent and offspring. Long calls in tamarins function much like song in birds, and we will study changes in long call structure that occur with sexual maturation in cotton-top tamarins to determine if there is a relationship between call structure and hormonal changes. (2). Studies of referential communication in pygmy marmosets and cotton-top tamarins will focus on calls given in association with food. The rate of food-associated calls will be evaluated when animals are presented with a variety of food and non-food items to determine the specificity of these calls. Individual preferences for different food types will be correlated with their preference ratings to determine if the calls simply indicate motivational state. Studies on the function of these calls will be undertaken by presenting individuals with food items not visible to other group members and determining whether calls are given and how others respond. (3) Studies of syntax or duality of patterning involving synthesis of alarm calls and contact calls of pygmy marmosets that appear to be constructed from similar elements arranged in different patterns. (4) Studies of socially interactive communication in cotton-top tamarins will be studies during the process of pair formation and after pair bonds are well established. the results of these studies should be useful in our understanding of the evolution of complex vocal communication learning to human speech and language. Our previous studies have suggested some new approaches for the study of human speech and language. Finally the results will be useful in supporting the idea that vocal communication, speech and language are processes of social interaction, where appropriate social environments and social responses are important for both acquisition and competent adult performance.