LONG TERM EFFECTS OF PREMARITAL INTERVENTION

1980-81年，我们对135对婚前夫妇进行了纵向研究， 调查原因和预防婚姻困扰的可能性。 我们的研究结果表明，离婚是可以预测的模式， 婚前互动 有离婚风险的夫妇很难 处理自己和伴侣的负面情绪（例如，一 离婚的预测因素是男性从冲突中退缩）。 基于我们 结果，我们开发了一个理论的影响调节夫妇， 家庭 从这一理论出发，我们提出了新的方向，重点是 在人际关系中传播功能失调的互动模式： (1)因为我们的夫妇正处于育儿阶段，我们可以调查 各种形式的婚姻冲突如何影响儿童。 我们建议 测试影响婚姻中的调节过程的假设是 通过亲子互动“传递”，影响孩子的情感 监管和发展（例如，从冲突中退缩的父母 他们的孩子会退缩，作为应对消极情绪的一种方式。 情绪？）。 (2)认识到影响是双向的， 对婚姻互动和满意度的影响 处理。 为了解决这些问题，将评估亲子 在每年的后续访问中进行互动。 (3)我们也将遵循 离婚的配偶进入新的关系，以发现如果功能失调， 第二次婚姻中的互动模式也是如此。 (4)我们将 继续研究婚姻痛苦和离婚的预测， 婚姻的第一个十年 我们将检验这个假设， 而丈夫的退出是早期离婚的最佳预测因素之一， 在婚姻中，妻子的退出将是离婚的最佳预测因素之一 后来结婚了。 (5)我们将完成唯一的长期评估， 旨在防止离婚的沟通技巧培训计划， 婚姻困扰，并评估该计划对亲子关系的影响 互动和儿童功能。

In 1980-81 we established a longitudinal study of 135 premarital couples to investigate causes and possibilities for prevention of marital distress. Our findings indicate that divorce is predictable from patterns of premarital interaction. Couples at risk for divorce have difficulty handling their own and their partner's negative emotions (e.g., one predictor of divorce is male's withdrawal from conflict). Based on our results, we developed a theory of affect regulation in couples and families. From this theory, we propose new directions focusing on transmission of dysfunctional interaction patterns across relationships: (1) Because our couples are in the childrearing stage, we can investigate how the various forms of marital conflict affect children. We propose to test the hypothesis that affect regulation processes in the marriage are "transmitted" through parent-child interactions and influence child affect regulation and development (e.g., do parents who withdraw from conflict with each other have children who withdraw as a way of coping with negative emotions?). (2) Recognizing that effects are bi-directional, the effects of having children on marital interaction and satisfaction are also addressed. To address these questions, will assess parent-child interactions during yearly follow-up visits. (3) We also will follow divorced spouses into new relationships to discover if dysfunctional interaction patterns are repeated in second marriages. (4) We will continue researching the prediction of marital distress and divorce through the high-risk first decade of marriage. We will test the hypothesis that whereas husband withdrawal is one of the best predictors of divorce early in marriage, wife withdrawal will be one of the best predictors of divorce later in marriage. (5) We will complete the only long-term evaluation of a communication skills training program designed to prevent divorce and marital distress and evaluate the effects of the program on parent-child interaction and child functioning.