LOSSES AND SEPARATIONS; IMMUNE STATUS

丢失经历与发病率和死亡率的增加有关， 在失去时和之后都有患情感障碍的风险 日期。心理神经免疫学的大部分研究都集中在急性和慢性精神分裂症 应激源暴露的直接影响。本项目将继续 短暂母体分离的急性影响评估 非人灵长类在行为和免疫调节方面的经验 除了更详细地关注这种情况的长期后果外 经历。大量的文献表明，早期的社会经历 可能会对成年人的行为和内分泌产生微妙的影响 变得相当严厉。我们对短暂母体分离的初步研究 经验表明，长期后果取决于物种， 这可能是母体和母体的不同模式的函数 异体母性护理。我们将其视为社会支持的动物模型。这个 本研究将探讨母婴之间的关系 青少年在若干新应激源中的相互作用和行为 除了免疫调节的特征之外，还有一些经验。这 预期的项目还将允许对青春期开始的描述为 受早期分离的影响。免疫调节将通过以下方式进行评估 几种体外测量，体内反应的评估 (针对新抗原的特异性抗体产生)和IL-2的测定 作为对一种手段的本地化的初步近似，通过该手段 免疫反应已经被调节了。该项目具有以下影响 在HIV+人群中，丢失经历的严重后果是 在艾滋病病毒携带者和同性恋人群中的比例非常高。此外，它还拥有 与经历重大损失的艾滋病毒感染者的相关性 在发育过程中，可能随后会使它们处于更大的风险中 应激源暴露期间疾病的进展。

Loss experiences are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and risk for affective disorders both at the time of the loss and at later dates. Most research in psychoneuroimmunology has focused on the acute and immediate effects of stressor exposure. The present project will continue the evaluation of the acute effects of brief maternal separation experiences in nonhuman primates on behavior and immunoregulation in addition to a more detailed focus on the long term consequences of such experiences. An extensive literature suggests that early social experiences may have behavioral and endocrine effects in the adult ranging from subtle to quite severe. Our preliminary studies of brief maternal separation experiences suggest that long term consequences are species dependent, which are likely a function of different patterns of maternal and allomaternal care. We view this as an animal model of social support. The present study will investigate the relationship between mother-infant interactions and behavior of the juvenile in a number of novel stressor experiences in addition to a characterization of immunoregulation. This prospective project will also permit the description of puberty onset as influenced by early separation. Immunoregulation will be evaluated through several in vitro measurements, the assessment of in vivo responses (specific antibody production to novel antigens), and measurement of IL-2 as a first approximation toward the localization of a means through which the immune responses have been modulated. This project has implications for the acute consequences of loss experiences in HIV+ populations, which are extraordinary high among HIV+ gay populations. Furthermore, it has relevance for HIV infected individuals who experienced significant losses during development, perhaps subsequently placing them at a greater risk for progression of illness during stressor exposure.