IDENTIFICATION & INFERENCE IN DISPOSITIONAL JUDGEMENT

人的知觉错误的一个主要原因是认同-推理 非独立性，即使用相同的信息源来 确定行为，并对其原因做出进一步的推断。这个 目前的研究将调查以下情况的前因和后果 个人判断中的身份-推理非独立性 性情。在这一领域中，非独立性在以下程度上发生 关于情境压力和先前关于 目标的个性(前科)会影响对行为的两种认同 以及对目标人格的推断。非独立性可以产生 系统性的偏见。具体地说，非独立性增强了接受者的 依赖于他们对目标人的先前信念，并破坏 正确利用有关情境压力的信息。这个 拟议的研究将调查两种自我知觉中的非独立性 和其他感知。自我知觉研究将调查如何 安慰剂治疗会影响心理症状的识别和 关于潜在的精神病理的推论。另一种看法 研究将研究刻板印象的认同和推理效应- 基于预期和关于情景压力的信息(例如，团体 压力)。总之，拟议的研究应该会增加我们的 了解低级识别过程和高级识别过程 推理过程有助于对我们的行为做出有偏见和公正的判断 自己和他人的个人倾向。

A major cause of errors in person perception is identification-inference nonindependence, that is, the use of the same sources of information to identify behavior and to make further inferences about its causes. The present research will investigate the antecedents and consequences of identification-inference nonindependence in judgements about personal dispositions. In this domain, nonindependence occurs to the extent that information about situational pressures and prior beliefs about the target's personality (priors) affect both identification of the behavior and inferences about the target's personality. Nonindependence can produce systematic biases. In particular, nonindependence augments perceiver's reliance on their prior beliefs about the target person and undermines proper utilization of information about situational pressures. The proposed research will investigate nonindependence in both self perception and other perception. The self perception studies will investigate how placebo treatments affect identification of psychological symptoms and inferences regarding the underlying psychopathology. The other perception studies will study identification and inferential effects of stereotype- based expectancies and information about situational pressures (e.g., group pressure). Together, the proposed studies should increase our understanding of how low-level identification processes and high-level inference processes contribute to biased and unbiased judgements about our own and others' personal dispositions.