MARITAL & PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS--EFFECTS IN THE FAMILY

该项目的目的是：(A)确定第一胎的诞生是否 孩子会影响一对夫妇的关系，(B)评估孩子在多大程度上影响夫妻关系 夫妻对孩子的出生和养育的反应和适应是 受婚姻关系性质的影响，以及(C)了解 作为保护因素的婚姻关系在疾病的发展中的作用 亲子关系与社会情绪发展 儿童的能力和适应能力。出生的方式 养育孩子会影响婚姻关系，也会受到婚姻关系的影响 将作为正在进行的前瞻性纵向研究的一部分进行检查 社会支持与高危儿童教养方式的关系 对于不良的发展结果。在这项正在进行的研究中，500-600个家庭 入伍一年，为期三年。这些家庭将被跟踪 从怀孕到出生后6个月，以便识别和跟踪 经过两年的研究，队列中有210名18- 到40岁的妇女，她们的孩子有各种贫穷的危险因素 发展成果。有婴儿的家庭没有风险 不良发育结局的因素将在6个月内被删除 学习。这里提出的研究将利用这一点- 招募的家庭样本中，有婴儿的家庭没有风险因素 不良的发育结果(以及谁会在6岁时被排除在研究之外 出生后几个月)增加了另一条主要调查路线 婚姻关系和亲子关系在家庭中的相互影响。 120对经历第一胎的夫妇的婚姻将广泛开展 在产前、出生后3个月、12个月和24个月进行调查，父母- 孩子的关系将在3、6、9、12和24个月后进行研究 出生，以及儿童的社会情绪能力和适应能力 在12个月和24个月时学习。数据将使用调停分析 临时订购个人、婚姻、父母、亲子关系的模型 和儿童变量，其方式被预测为影响家庭的 对第一个孩子的出生和养育的反应。通过研究早期的 通过这种方式，我们试图了解保护儿童的因素 受到行为障碍的影响。通过家庭治疗中的临床理论 将婚姻问题和儿童困扰联系起来，几乎没有研究跟进 夫妻二人通过过渡到为人父母问有什么不同 婚姻制度与孩子的适应以及由此产生的影响 适应亲子关系和发展社会-- 儿童的情绪能力和适应行为。达不到 社会情绪能力的早期标志已经在前面的 研究将对儿童未来的社会心理健康产生影响- 情感功能。这项研究对心理健康的重要性 问题是明确的，不仅是在儿童骚扰方面，而且在 关于父母的职能和父母婚姻的问题。

The aims of this project are: (a) to determine if the birth of a first child affects a couple's relationship, (b) to assess the extent to which a couple's response and adaptation to the birth and rearing of a child is influenced by the nature of the marital relationship, and (c) to understand the marital relationship as a protective factor in the development of parent-child relationships and in the development of socio-emotional competence and adaptive ability in children. The way in which the birth and rearing of a child affects and is affected by the marital relationship will be examined as part of an on-going prospective, longitudinal study of the relationship between social support and the rearing of a child at-risk for poor developmental outcome. In this on-going study, 500-600 families are being enlisted a year for 3 years. These families will be followed from pregnancy to 6-months after birth in order to identify and follow through two years a cohort (which has been studied prenatally) of 210 18- to 40-year-old women who have children with various risk factors for poor developmental outcome. The families with infants who do not have risk factors for poor developmental outcome will be dropped at 6 months in this study. The study proposed here would take advantage of this already- recruited sample of families with infants who do not have risk factors for poor developmental outcome (and who would be dropped form the study at 6 months after birth) to add another major line of inquiry concerning the mutual effects in the family of the marital and parent-child relationships. The marriages of 120 couples experiencing a first birth will be extensively investigated prenatally and at 3, 12, and 24 months after birth, parent- child relationships will be studied at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after birth, and socio-emotional competence and adaptation in children will be studied at 12 and 24 months. The data will be analyzed using a mediational model that temporally orders individual, marital, parental, parent-child and child variables in a manner that is predicted to influence a family's reactions to the birth and rearing of a first child. By studying the early family in this way, we seek to understand factors that protect children from behavioral disturbance. Though clinical theories in family therapy link marital problems and child disturbance, little research has followed the marital dyad through the transition to parenthood to ask how different marital systems adapt to the child and what the implications are of that adaptation for parent-child relationships and for the development of socio- emotional competence and adaptive behavior in the child. Failure to reach early markers of socio-emotional competence has been shown in earlier studies to have mental health implications for children's later socio- emotional functioning. The importance of this research for mental health issues is clear, not only with regard to child disturbance, but also with regard to parental functioning and the parental marriage.