MARITAL & PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS--EFFECTS IN THE FAMILY

该项目的目的是：（a）确定第一个婴儿的出生是否 （B）评估子女影响夫妻关系的程度 夫妻对孩子出生和抚养的反应和适应是 受婚姻关系性质的影响，以及（c）了解 婚姻关系作为发展的保护因素， 亲子关系和社会情感的发展 能力和适应能力。 出生的方式 子女的抚养影响婚姻关系，也受婚姻关系的影响 将作为正在进行的前瞻性纵向研究的一部分进行检查， 社会支持与教养风险儿童的关系 因为发育不良 在这项正在进行的研究中，500-600个家庭 一年入伍三年 这些家庭将被跟踪 从怀孕到出生后6个月，以便识别和跟踪 通过两年的队列（产前研究）210 18- 到40岁的妇女谁有孩子的各种风险因素的贫困 发展成果。 没有风险的婴儿家庭 在这一研究中，6个月时发育不良的因素将下降， study. 本报告所建议的研究将利用这一点- 招募的婴儿家庭样本没有风险因素， 不良的发展结果（以及6岁时从研究中脱落的人） 出生后几个月），以增加另一个主要的调查路线， 婚姻关系和亲子关系在家庭中的相互影响。 120对夫妇的婚姻经历了第一次生育将广泛 在产前和出生后3个月、12个月和24个月进行调查， 孩子的关系将在3，6，9，12和24个月后进行研究。 出生，以及儿童的社会情感能力和适应能力， 在12个月和24个月时进行研究。 数据将使用中介 按时间顺序排列个人、婚姻、父母、亲子关系的模型 和儿童变量的方式，预计将影响一个家庭的 对第一个孩子的出生和抚养的反应。 通过研究早期 通过这种方式，我们试图了解保护儿童的因素， 行为障碍 虽然家庭治疗的临床理论 把婚姻问题和孩子的困扰联系起来， 夫妻二人通过过渡到父母身份，问有什么不同 婚姻制度适应了孩子， 适应亲子关系和社会发展， 孩子的情绪能力和适应行为。 未能达成 社会情感能力的早期标志已经在早期的 研究对儿童日后的社会生活有心理健康影响， 情绪功能 这项研究对心理健康的重要性 问题是明确的，不仅关于儿童骚扰，而且 关于父母的作用和父母的婚姻。

The aims of this project are: (a) to determine if the birth of a first child affects a couple's relationship, (b) to assess the extent to which a couple's response and adaptation to the birth and rearing of a child is influenced by the nature of the marital relationship, and (c) to understand the marital relationship as a protective factor in the development of parent-child relationships and in the development of socio-emotional competence and adaptive ability in children. The way in which the birth and rearing of a child affects and is affected by the marital relationship will be examined as part of an on-going prospective, longitudinal study of the relationship between social support and the rearing of a child at-risk for poor developmental outcome. In this on-going study, 500-600 families are being enlisted a year for 3 years. These families will be followed from pregnancy to 6-months after birth in order to identify and follow through two years a cohort (which has been studied prenatally) of 210 18- to 40-year-old women who have children with various risk factors for poor developmental outcome. The families with infants who do not have risk factors for poor developmental outcome will be dropped at 6 months in this study. The study proposed here would take advantage of this already- recruited sample of families with infants who do not have risk factors for poor developmental outcome (and who would be dropped form the study at 6 months after birth) to add another major line of inquiry concerning the mutual effects in the family of the marital and parent-child relationships. The marriages of 120 couples experiencing a first birth will be extensively investigated prenatally and at 3, 12, and 24 months after birth, parent- child relationships will be studied at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after birth, and socio-emotional competence and adaptation in children will be studied at 12 and 24 months. The data will be analyzed using a mediational model that temporally orders individual, marital, parental, parent-child and child variables in a manner that is predicted to influence a family's reactions to the birth and rearing of a first child. By studying the early family in this way, we seek to understand factors that protect children from behavioral disturbance. Though clinical theories in family therapy link marital problems and child disturbance, little research has followed the marital dyad through the transition to parenthood to ask how different marital systems adapt to the child and what the implications are of that adaptation for parent-child relationships and for the development of socio- emotional competence and adaptive behavior in the child. Failure to reach early markers of socio-emotional competence has been shown in earlier studies to have mental health implications for children's later socio- emotional functioning. The importance of this research for mental health issues is clear, not only with regard to child disturbance, but also with regard to parental functioning and the parental marriage.