QUANTITATIVE-CLINICAL STUDIES OF MINOR ANOMALIES IN ADHD

这个项目探索了轻微的物理异常之间的关系 (MPAS)和注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)。这些辅修课程 异常可能具有重大的诊断意义，表明一般 形态发生改变或特定畸形综合征的类别。 许多研究报告称，在ADHD患者中存在过多的MPA 孩子们。但已经调查了一些异常情况，并发现了 很难使他们的诊断客观和可靠。 使用定量方法来克服这些诊断 考虑到局限性，我们将扩大可供研究的海洋保护区目录。 这些MA将被用来检验关于潜在生物学的假说 多动症的症状。将研究多个保护区的组合，而不是单个 反常现象，这是有限的理论兴趣。本研究采用 三类组合： (1)满分的MPA评分。这一措施，通常用在 对海洋保护区的研究，以及议定书中各种异常情况的总和。比分 将被用来确定ADHD患者是否更普遍 畸形儿童比正常对照组儿童。 (2)与特定畸形相一致的多酚A组合 机械装置。这些措施将使我们能够测试是否离散 ADHD患者的发育过程出现了问题。 (3)畸形综合征。我们将使用集群技术，旨在 根据ADHD患者的模式将其分为不同的亚组 多人管理协会。我们将把这些定量技术与临床 变形学家的判断。他将对患者进行筛查以确定是否存在 已知的遗传和致畸综合征。 我们将使用这些技术来确定ADHD畸形学是否可以 被分解成更同质的表型。

This project explores the relationship between minor physical anomalies (MPAs) and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These minor anomalies may be of major diagnostic significance, indicating general classes of altered morphogenesis or specific malformation syndromes. Many studies have reported an overrepresentation of MPAs in ADHD children. But a few anomalies have been investigated, and there have been difficulties in rendering their diagnosis objective and reliable. Using quantitative methods designed to overcome these diagnostic limitations, we will expand the catalog of MPAs available for study. These MPAs will be used to test hypotheses about the underlying biology of ADHD. Combinations of MPAs will be studied rather than individual anomalies, which are of limited theoretical interest. The study adopts three categories of combinations: (1) the full-scale MPA score. This measure, conventionally used in studies Of MPAs, sums across the anomalies in the protocol. The score will be used to determine whether ADHD patients are more generally dyamorphic than normal control children. (2) combinations of MPAs consistent with specific dysmorphological mechanisms. These measure will allow us to test whether discrete developmental processes have gone awry in ADHD. (3) malformation syndromes. We will use clustering techniques aimed at assigning ADHD patients into subgroups on the basis of their patterns of MPAs. We will complement these quantitative techniques with the clinical judgement of a dyamorphologist. He will screen patients for the presence of known genetic and teratogenic syndromes. We will use these techniques to determine whether ADHD dyamorphology can be resolved into more homogenous phenotypes.