PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH IN THE BEREAVED

个体对死亡的适应有很大的差异 所爱的人形成疾病。一些最近失去亲人的人 身体和心理健康明显下降，而 其他人则不这么认为。拟议的研究旨在调查 几种心理社会因素对个体情绪的影响 以及亲人去世后的身体健康。这个 这项研究的受试者将是患有终末期 不爱的人，与当地临终关怀机构有关联的人。我们的 我们相信变量的选择将预测哪些人 显示出长期的身体和精神疾病是基于 应激与心理社会关系的一般心理社会模型 健康。根据这些模型，处于最高风险的人 治疗压力后长期的身体和情绪障碍 以不适应的、悲观的解释风格为特征 他们生活中的事件，贫乏的社会支持，以及不活跃， 以情绪为主的应对方式。因此，我们将评估这些 受试者在其亲人去世前的特征， 然后用它们来预测哪些受试者会表现出最贫穷的 一岁、六岁、十三岁和十八岁时的身心健康 在他死后的几个月。此外，我们将评估几个 其他可能调节受试者适应能力的变量 丧亲之痛。其中包括可用于以下方面的财政资源 主题和因此而产生的经济负担 患者的疾病和死亡，各自的责任金额 受试者为了照顾病人，有多少其他 在死亡前后经历的压力源，以及之前的 受试者存在身体或情绪上的疾病。每一个 这些因素应该有助于受试者的主观体验 但这些因素对情绪和心理健康的影响 身体健康的结果应该通过社会支持来调节， 应对方式和解释方式。

There is great variation in individual's adjustments to the death of a loved one form an illness. Some recently bereaved individuals show marked declines in physical and emotional health, whereas others do not. The proposed study in designed to investigate the influence of several psychosocial factors on individual's emotional and physical health following the death of a loved one. The subjects in this study will be individuals who have a terminally ill loved one, and who are associated with local hospices. Our choice of the variables we believed will predict which individuals show long term physical and emotional illness has been based on general psychosocial models of the relationship between stress and health. According to these models, persons who are at highest risk for long-term physical and emotional disturbance following stress are characterized by a maladaptive, pessimistic style of explaining the events in their lives, poor social supports, and inactive, emotion-focused coping styles. Thus, we shall assess these characteristics in subjects before the death of their loved one, and then use them to predict which subjects will show the poorest physical and emotional health at one, six, thirteen, and eighteen months following the death. In addition, we shall assess several other variables that may mediate subjects' abilities to adjust to bereavement. These include the financial resources available to subjects and the financial burden incurred as a result of the patient's illness and death, the amount of responsibility each subject had for the care of the ill patient, the number of other stressors experienced around the time of the death, and pre- existing physical or emotional illness in the subjects. Each of these factors should contribute to subjects' subjective experience of stress, but the effects of these factors on emotional and physical health outcomes should be mediated by social supports, coping styles, and explanatory styles.