EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SENSORY PATHWAYS

该工作旨在扩展单神经元的高分辨率 结合解剖学和免疫细胞化学技术分析 更精确地描述细胞、电膜和离子 电流;神经递质和神经调质作用;以及 基底神经节中的神经元成分。 与此同时， 拟议的工作旨在提供更有意义的解释， 核功能的基底神经节比可以获得的常规 单个或多个单位记录或通过常规解剖技术。 感兴趣的区域将通过井的密集使用来解决 在我们实验室建立的方法，其中，细胞内记录 用生物胞素等标记物进行细胞内标记， 结合随后的光学和电子显微镜分析。 在 此外，组织化学方法，包括逆行和顺行 运输技术，将采用。 这种融合的多学科分析将直接在体外 切片制备和培养和急性分离的神经元制备 从大鼠新纹状体苍白球，脚内核， 黑质和下丘脑的三组目标： 第一组将表征膜性质（包括离子性质）。 电导，如K、Na、Ca等）的神经元， 全细胞电压钳技术 神经元或通过细胞内电流钳记录切片 准备. 第二组将描绘假定的神经递质的作用， 通过监测神经调节剂产生的离子电导的变化， 药物或其激动剂和拮抗剂。 待研究的发射器 是多巴胺（DA），谷氨酸和乙酰胆碱（ACh），这是主要的 涉及这些核操作已知神经递质和调节剂。 我们将确定传输和形态表型的 神经元研究的解剖技术相结合的技术 免疫细胞化学 第三组是重新检查其中涉及的功能电路 核（例如，丘脑下苍白球、黑质纹状体等）通过 同步记录的双极平均技术 投射及其靶神经元。 胆碱能、多巴胺能、多巴胺能和GABA能失衡 基底神经节中的神经系统被认为参与病理生理学 基底神经节疾病 寻找更具体的治疗方法将是 通过更清楚地了解基础的具体性质， 神经节解剖学，生理学，药理学，以及随后的 锥体外系手术

The proposed work aims to extend the high resolution of single neuron analysis with combined anatomical and immunocytochemical techniques for a more precise description of cellular, electrical membrane and ionic currents; neurotransmitter and neuromodulator action; and circuits of neuronal elements in the basal ganglia. Moreover, at the same time, the proposed work aims to provide a more meaningful interpretation of various nuclear functions of the basal ganglia than can be obtained by conventional single or multiple unit recording or by conventional anatomical technique. The areas of interest will be addressed with intensive usage of the well established methodology in our laboratory, whereby, intracellular recording and intracellular labeling with biocytin and other labeling materials are combined with subsequent light and electron microscopic analysis. In addition, histochemical methods, including retrograde and anterograde transport techniques, will be employed. This convergent multidisciplinary analysis will be directed to in vitro slice preparation and cultured and acutely dissociated neuron preparation obtained from rat neostriatum globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, and subthalamus to three sets of aims: The first set will characterize the membrane properties (including ionic conductances such as K, Na, Ca, etc.) of the neuron by the use of whole-cell (voltage) clamp technique in acutely dissociated or cultured neurons or by an intracellular current clamp recording in slice preparation. The second set will delineate the action of putative neurotransmitters or neuromodulators by monitoring changes in ionic conductances produced by the drugs or their agonists and antagonists. The transmitters to be studied are dopamine (DA), glutamate, and acetylcholine (ACh), which are the major known neurotransmitters and modulators involved in these nuclear operation. We will identify the transmitter and morphological phenotypes of the neurons under study by anatomical techniques by combined techniques of immunocytochemistry. The third set is to re-examine functional circuits involved among these nuclei (e.g., subthalamo-pallidal, striato-nigral, etc.) by trigger-averaging techniques with simultaneous recordings from the projection and its target neurons. Disequilibria of cholinergic, dopaminergic, glutaminergic, and GABAergic systems in the basal ganglia are believed involved in the pathophysiology of basal ganglia disease. The search for more specific treatments will be facilitated by a clearer understanding of the specific nature of the basal ganglia anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and subsequent imbalance of extra-pyramidal operation.