RESEARCH COUNCILS UK ENERGY PROGRAMME: ENERGY STRATEGY FELLOWSHIP

这项工作有两个主要目的：a)制定一个路线图，帮助研究委员会和其他机构以有助于实现英国能源政策目标的方式规划他们的研究活动；b)开展一项研究计划，评估不同国家在不同技术领域开展能源研究与开发活动的效率，以期为更成功地执行政策吸取经验教训。路线图将包括一份顶层文件，作为更高层次能源战略和更具体的个别技术研发计划之间的桥梁。其目的是一方面提高能源政策的一致性，另一方面提高能源研究活动的一致性。这份顶层文件将由个别技术领域的网络路线图补充，如碳捕获和储存或不同形式的可再生能源。需求方面的技术，例如运输和建筑方面的技术，也将包括在内。鉴于技术与人类行为之间的相互作用，特别是在需求方面，社会科学家以及科学家和工程师将参与其中。路线图将处理技术需要以及培训和能力建设的需要。路线图将通过与政策制定者和研发资助者的访谈以及由更广泛的利益攸关方参与的便利技术讲习班和战略讲习班的组合来制定。这项研究计划的第一项任务是为不同国家的不同能源技术制定“创新体系”。我们打算覆盖少数欧盟国家、美国和中国。地图将涵盖机构及其作用、网络和研究能力。这项工作将通过文献分析和在有关国家的采访来进行。我们还将研究国际创新体系，例如通过教育和培训以及跨国公司的活动。第二项任务将是制定和分析在不同创新系统中研发活动有效性的措施。许多国家打算实现能源系统的根本转型，例如转向低碳技术。我们将借鉴创新理论的一个新分支——“过渡理论”，制定有效性衡量标准。最后，我们将回顾与专家一起对研发活动有效性分析的假设和发现，并得出关于如何提高能源研发计划的成功及其对能源政策的贡献的结论。

This work has two principal aims: a) to develop a roadmap that will help the Research Councils and others to plan their research activities in ways that will contribute to the achievement of the UK's energy policy goals; and b) to conduct a programme of research that will assess how effectively different countries conduct their energy research and development (R&D) activities in different technology areas with a view to learning lessons for the more successful execution of policy.The roadmap will consist of a top-level document which will act as a bridge between higher level energy strategies and more specific R&D plans for individual technologies. The aim is to improve the coherence of energy policy on the one hand and energy research activities on the other. The top-level document will be supplemented by web-based roadmaps for individual technology areas such as carbon capture and storage or different forms of renewable energy. Demand-side technologies, for example for transport and buildings, will also be covered. Given the interplay between technology and human behaviour, especially on the demand side, social scientists as well as scientists and engineers will be involved. The roadmaps will address both technological needs and needs for training and capacity-building. The roadmaps will be produced through interviews with policymakers and R&D funders and through a mixture of facilitated technical workshops and strategic workshops engaging a wider range of stakeholders.The first task in the research programme is to map out "systems of innovation" for different energy technologies in different countries. We intend to cover a small number of EU countries, the US and China. The mapping will cover institutions and their roles, networks and research capacity. The task will be carried out through documentary analysis and interviews in the relevant countries. We will also look at systems of innovation internationally, for example through education and training, and the activities of multinational companies.The second task will be to develop and analyse measures for the effectiveness of R&D activities in different systems of innovation. Many countries intend to achieve fundamental transitions in their energy systems, for example by moving to low-carbon technologies. We will draw on a new branch of innovation theory, "transitions theory", to develop measures of effectiveness.Finally, we will review hypotheses and findings from the analysis of the effectiveness of R&D activities with experts and draw conclusions about how the success of energy R&D programmes and their contributions to energy policy can be improved.