SwiTching And tRansmission (STAR)

在过去十年中，由于带宽增长了至少50到100倍，互联网功耗持续增加。由于带宽密集型应用的日益普及，预计未来3年带宽将进一步增长40%至300%。因此，鉴于明显的生态和经济驱动因素，能源效率日益成为ICT组织的关键优先事项。在这个项目中，我们为核心交换和路由采用了100倍的GreenTouch节能目标，并相信如果本提案中的研究成功，这个雄心勃勃的目标是可以实现的。核心网的一个关键观察是，大部分功率消耗在IP层，而光传输和光交换相比之下是节能的，因此这个项目的灵感。因此，我们将引入节能的最佳物理网络拓扑，尽可能以牺牲IP路由为代价鼓励光传输和光交换。申请人的初步研究表明，网络中的物理拓扑选择具有显着降低功耗的潜力，然而网络优化和流量的考虑以及大型低功率光子交换机架构所提供的机会将导致进一步的功耗节省。在这个项目中，我们将研究一个大型、高速的光子交换机架构，最大限度地降低其功耗，并确定利用该交换机的最佳网络物理拓扑，以最大限度地降低功耗。我们将设计新的大型光子开关结构，基于混合半导体光放大器(SOA) / Mach Zehnder干涉仪作为门控元件，以最大限度地降低每比特的开关能量，并计划利用这些新的开关架构优化网络架构，并引入（光子）芯片功率监测，以告知更高层的决策。目前，为了保持服务质量，网络通常是过度供应的。我们会研究如何优化资源分配，在维持服务质素的同时，减少供应过剩的因素。目前网络通过分配冗余路径和资源来提供保护，为了实现充分的保护，每条工作路由都有一条保护路由。我们将优化我们的网络，以尽量减少因保护而造成的电力浪费。由于最佳物理拓扑设计，最佳资源分配，光交换而不是IP路由，更有效的光子开关和节能保护可以结合起来，因此调查人员和他们的工业合作者BT，阿尔卡特朗讯和波兰电信，相信通过这个项目，可以实现核心网络节能100倍的雄心壮志，并对核心光子网络的设计和实施产生重大影响。

The Internet power consumption has continued to increase over the last decade as a result of a bandwidth growth of at least 50 to 100 times. Further bandwidth growth between 40% and 300% is predicted in the next 3 years as a result of the growing popularity of bandwidth intensive applications. Energy efficiency is therefore increasingly becoming a key priority for ICT organizations given the obvious ecological and economic drivers. In this project we adopt the GreenTouch energy saving target of a factor of a 100 for Core Switching and Routing and believe this ambitious target is achievable should the research in this proposal prove successful. A key observation in core networks is that most of the power is consumed in the IP layer while optical transmission and optical switching are power efficient in comparison, hence the inspiration for this project. Therefore we will introduce energy efficient optimum physical network topologies that encourage optical transmission and optical switching at the expense of IP routing whenever possible. Initial studies by the applicants show that physical topology choices in networks have the potential to significantly reduce the power consumption, however network optimization and the consideration of traffic and the opportunities afforded by large, low power photonic switch architectures will lead to further power savings. We will investigate a large, high speed photonic switch architecture in this project, minimize its power consumption and determine optimum network physical topologies that exploit this switch to minimize power consumption. We will design new large photonic switch fabrics, based on hybrid semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) / Mach Zehnder interferometers as gating elements to minimise the switching energy per bit, and plan to optimize the network architecture making use of these new switch architectures and introduce (photonic) chip power monitoring to inform higher layer decisions. Networks are typically over provisioned at present to maintain quality of service. We will study optimum resource allocation to reduce the overprovisioning factor while maintaining the quality of service. Protection is currently provided in networks through the allocation of redundant paths and resources, and for full protection there is a protection route for every working route. We will optimize our networks to minimize power wastage due to protection. The power savings due to optimum physical topology design, optimum resource allocation, optical switching instead of IP routing, more efficient photonic switches and energy efficient protection can be combined and therefore the investigators and their industrial collaborators BT, Alcatel Lucent and Telekomunikacja Polska, believe that an ambitious factor of 100 power saving in core networks can be realised through this project with significant potential for resulting impact on how core photonic networks are designed and implemented.